A method for constructing a knowledge graph of coal mine roof disaster prevention and control
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摘要: 目前煤矿顶板灾害防治措施决策及事故原因分析等过程主要依赖人工经验，智能化水平较低。顶板灾害防治知识图谱可整合顶板灾害防治知识和经验，辅助顶板灾害事故原因分析和顶板灾害防治措施决策。提出了一种煤矿顶板灾害防治知识图谱构建方法。采用本体方法完成煤矿顶板灾害防治知识建模，将顶板灾害防治领域的概念分为矿井地质类、开采技术类、防治措施类和事故表征类，将概念之间的关系定义为使用、引发、易发、治理、预防和适用，为煤矿顶板灾害防治知识抽取（实体抽取和关系抽取）奠定基础；结合煤矿顶板灾害防治领域文本存在大量嵌套实体和关系之间存在实体重叠的特点，确定了基于跨度的实体抽取方法和基于依存句法树引导实体表示的关系抽取方法；构建了顶板灾害防治领域语料库，采用Neo4j图数据库存储数据，为顶板灾害防治知识图谱的应用提供数据来源支撑；展示了煤矿顶板灾害防治知识图谱局部构建结果，说明该知识图谱可辅助顶板灾害事故原因分析和防治措施决策，从而提高顶板管理的智能化水平；指出基于该知识图谱，结合自然语言处理和知识推理等技术，可实现顶板管理知识问答。Abstract: At present, the decision-making of coal mine roof disaster prevention and control measures and the analysis of accident causes mainly rely on manual experience, and the level of intelligence is relatively low. The knowledge graph of roof disaster prevention and control can integrate knowledge and experience of roof disaster prevention and control, assist in analyzing the causes of roof disaster accidents and making decisions on roof disaster prevention and control measures. A method for constructing a knowledge graph of coal mine roof disaster prevention and control has been proposed. The ontology method is used to complete the knowledge modeling of coal mine roof disaster prevention and control. The concepts in the field of roof disaster prevention and control are divided into mine geology, mining technology, prevention and control measures, and accident characterization. The relationships between concepts are defined as usage, triggering, susceptibility, control, prevention, and applicability. The knowledge modeling lays the foundation for the knowledge extraction of coal mine roof disaster prevention and control (entity extraction and relationship extraction). Based on the characteristics of entity overlapping between a large number of nested entities and relationships in the field of coal mine roof disaster prevention and control, a span based entity extraction method and a dependency syntax tree guided entity representation based relationship extraction method are determined. The method constructs a corpus in the field of roof disaster prevention and control, and uses the Neo4j graph database to store data, providing data source support for the application of knowledge graph of roof disaster prevention and control. The partial construction results of the knowledge graph of coal mine roof disaster prevention and control are displayed. It indicates that this knowledge graph can assist in the analysis of roof disaster accident causes and decision-making of prevention and control measures, thereby improving the intelligence level of roof management. It is pointed out that based on this knowledge graph, combined with natural language processing and knowledge reasoning technologies, knowledge Q&A on roof management can be achieved.
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图 1 煤矿顶板灾害防治领域概念分类
Figure 1. Conceptual classification of coal mine roof disaster prevention and control
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图 2 煤矿顶板灾害防治概念之间的关系类型
Figure 2. Relationship types of the concepts of coal mine roof disaster prevention and control
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