Design of a miniaturized bidirectional beam mine positioning terminal antenna
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摘要:
双向天线可有效提高信号覆盖范围和天线耦合效率，削弱由巷道侧壁反射所带来的多径效应，适用于结构狭长、断面较小的煤矿井下巷道。针对现有双向天线尺寸大、增益低、带宽不满足井下UWB精确定位系统要求等问题，设计了一种小型化双向波束矿用定位终端天线。通过布置2个等幅同相U形单极子天线并在金属地板上引入U形槽结构，在保证天线整体结构紧凑的同时，实现了双向边射波束辐射特性。仿真和实测结果表明：天线的−10 dB带宽为1GHz（3.6～4.6 GHz），可有效覆盖煤矿井下UWB人员精确定位系统的工作频段（3.7～4.2 GHz）；在3.6～4.6 GHz频段内，天线峰值增益为2.2～2.5 dBi，具有良好的幅频响应。
Abstract:Bidirectional antennas can effectively improve signal coverage and antenna coupling efficiency, and weaken multipath effects caused by reflections from roadway sidewalls. These characteristics make them suitable for underground coal mine roadways with narrow structures and small cross-section. To address the problems of large size, low gain, and insufficient bandwidth of existing bidirectional antennas that do not meet the requirements of underground ultra-wide band (UWB) precise positioning systems, a miniaturized bidirectional beam mine positioning terminal antenna was designed. By arranging two equal-amplitude, in-phase U-shaped monopole antennas and introducing a U-shaped slot structure on the metal floor, the radiation characteristics of the bidirectional side-beam were realized while ensuring the compact structure of the antennas. Simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the antenna achieved a −10 dB bandwidth of 1 GHz (3.6-4.6 GHz), effectively covering the operational frequency band (3.7-4.2 GHz) of UWB personnel precise positioning systems in coal mines. Within the frequency band of 3.6-4.6 GHz, the antenna achieved a peak gain of 2.2-2.5 dBi, with good amplitude-frequency response.
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图 1 小型化双向波束矿用定位终端天线结构
Figure 1. Structure of the miniaturized bidirectional beam mine positioning terminal antenna
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图 5 天线II和III工作时表面电流分布
Figure 5. Surface current distribution of antennas II and III in operation
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图 10 反射系数仿真与实测对比
Figure 10. Comparison between simulated and measured reflection coefficient
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图 11 2D远场辐射方向图仿真与实测对比
Figure 11. Comparison between simulated and measured 2D far-field radiation pattern
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图 12 峰值增益−频率仿真与实测结果对比
Figure 12. Comparison between simulated and measured peak gain over frequency
表 1 天线尺寸参数
Table 1 Antenna dimension parameters
mm 参数 尺寸 参数 尺寸 参数 尺寸 H1 0.45 Wf1 0.36 Ws1 0.5 H2 0.2 Wf2 0.6 Ws2 1.88 S1 11.5 Wf3 0.36 Wa1 1.48 S2 5 Ls1 5.5 Wa2 0.7 S3 8.6 Ls2 5.75 Wa3 1.2 S4 4.75 La1 5.5 Wa4 2.7 G1 25 La2 5.7 g 0.4 G2 25 La3 3.05 
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