Overview of research and applications of new generation information technologies in intelligent mines
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摘要:
随着信息技术的飞速发展及矿山智能化转型升级的需求加大，新一代信息技术在智能矿山领域的探索与应用持续深化。简述了矿山信息化、数字化及智能化的理论体系，其覆盖从数据采集、处理到智能决策的全方位流程，为矿山转型升级奠定基础。综述了智能矿山监测监控技术、矿山大数据智能分析与决策技术、矿用设备预测性维护技术、智能矿山工业物联网技术、智能矿山AI技术、矿山数字孪生技术、矿山机器人技术、矿山5G通信技术的核心关键技术、典型应用场景和未来发展趋势。智能矿山监测与监控技术的核心构成是高精度传感器网络、物联网、大数据分析及AI。矿山大数据智能分析与决策关键技术包括数据收集与整合、数据智能分析、决策支持等。矿用设备的预测性维护技术主要包括数据采集、数据分析、故障诊断及维护决策优化。智能矿山工业物联网技术贯穿感知层到应用层，实现矿山安全管理的高效化与智能化。智能矿山AI技术在预测性维护与自我优化、人机协作与自动化控制等领域具有巨大的应用潜力。矿山数字孪生技术的核心是物联网、三维可视化与建模、AI与机器学习和高可靠通信技术。矿山机器人技术在无人驾驶、智能采矿、环境感知与监测、多机器人协同作业等领域广泛应用。矿山5G技术的核心优势是高速率、低延迟、大连接密度、高可靠性与稳定性，在多传感器融合监测、无人驾驶、5G边缘计算、虚拟现实/增强显示等领域得以应用。
Abstract:With the rapid development of information technology and the increasing demand for the intelligent transformation and upgrading of mining operations, the exploration and application of new generation information technologies in the field of intelligent mining have continued to deepen. This paper briefly describes the theoretical system of mine informatization, digitization, and intelligence, which covers the entire process from data collection and processing to intelligent decision-making, laying the foundation for the transformation and upgrading of mines. It reviews the core technologies, typical application scenarios, and future development trends of intelligent mine monitoring and control technologies, big data intelligent analysis and decision-making technologies, predictive maintenance technologies for mining equipment, industrial IoT technologies in intelligent mines, AI technologies in intelligent mining, digital twin technologies in mining, robotics in mining, and 5G communication technologies in mining. The core components of intelligent mine monitoring and control technology are high-precision sensor networks, the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analysis, and AI. Key technologies in big data intelligent analysis and decision-making for mines include data collection and integration, intelligent data analysis, and decision support. Predictive maintenance technologies for mining equipment mainly involve data collection, data analysis, fault diagnosis, and maintenance decision optimization. Industrial IoT technologies in intelligent mines span from the sensing layer to the application layer, achieving efficient and intelligent mine safety management. AI technologies in intelligent mines hold great application potential in predictive maintenance, self-optimization, human-machine collaboration, and automated control. The core of digital twin technology in mining includes IoT, 3D visualization and modeling, AI and machine learning, and high-reliability communication technologies. Robotics technology in mining is widely applied in fields such as autonomous driving, intelligent mining, environmental sensing and monitoring, and multi-robot collaborative operations. The core advantages of 5G technology in mining are high speed, low latency, large connection density, high reliability, and stability, which are applied in fields like multi-sensor fusion monitoring, autonomous driving, 5G edge computing, and virtual reality/augmented display.
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【编者按】近年来，云计算、大数据、物联网、人工智能、5G等新一代信息技术在矿山领域逐步深入应用，促使智能矿山建设加速，有效推动了行业提效增安、转型升级与高质量发展。2024年4月，国家矿山安监局等七部门发布《关于深入推进矿山智能化建设 促进矿山安全发展的指导意见》，指出我国矿山智能化建设仍存在发展不平衡、不充分、不协调等问题，要突破关键技术，推进工业互联网、人工智能、数字孪生等新技术与传统矿山开采融合应用。为总结交流科研成果，进一步推动智能矿山领域基础理论与关键技术研究与应用，助力矿山智能化建设和行业高质量发展，《工矿自动化》编辑部特邀中国矿业大学程德强教授担任客座主编，中煤科工集团常州研究院有限公司贺耀宜研究员为客座副主编，于2024年第11期组织出版“新一代信息技术在智能矿山中研究与应用”专题。在专题刊出之际，衷心感谢各位专家学者的大力支持！
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图 1 5G云网融合智慧矿山部署方案
Figure 1. 5G cloud network integration smart mine deployment scheme
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