Research and application of intelligent caving technology in fully mechanized working face
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摘要: 传统的放顶煤控制主要依靠人工放煤控制，采用单轮顺序放煤。配有电液控制系统的工作面主要采用程序控制与人工补放结合的双轮顺序放煤方式，如果放煤控制实施不充分，会大幅降低煤炭采出率，如果放煤过程中掺有大量矸石，会降低煤炭的开采质量。针对上述问题，研究了综放工作面智能放煤工艺。分析了综放工作面自动化放煤工艺流程，指出要实现智能放煤工艺,需要在自动化放煤工艺的基础上，对综放工作面采煤机、液压支架、刮板输送机等设备进行智能升级,即在综放支架上安装音视频监视系统，监测是否有大块煤堵住放煤口、影响顶煤放出等异常情况；在后部刮板输送机安装电动机电流监测系统，实现放落煤流的自动控制，同时具备人工干预功能，即补放和停放功能；在带式输送机机尾处安装灰分检测系统对灰分是否增多进行在线分析；在综放支架上安装基于振动传感器的煤矸识别装置，根据振动传感器数据分辨矸石下落量，辨识是否有严重混矸情况。结合智能放煤工艺流程，为王家岭煤矿12309综放工作面定制了智能放煤方案：基于自动化顺序放煤与间隔放煤工艺、振动信号的煤矸识别控制和人工放落煤流控制技术实现该工作面智能化放煤，实际应用结果验证了智能放煤工艺的有效性。Abstract: The traditional top coal caving control mainly relies on manual coal caving control, which uses single-round of sequential coal caving. The working face equipped with electro-hydraulic control system mainly adopts the two-round sequential coal caving method combining program control and manual supplementary caving. If the implementation of coal releasing control is not sufficient, the coal recovery rate will be greatly reduced. If a large amount of gangue is mixed in the coal caving process, the coal mining quality will be significantly reduced. In order to solve the above problems, the intelligent coal caving technology in fully mechanized working face is studied. By analyzing the automatic caving process of fully mechanized working face, it is pointed out that in order to realize the intelligent caving process, it is necessary to upgrade shearer, hydraulic support, scraper conveyor and other equipment of the fully mechanized working face on the basis of the automatic caving process. By installing audio and video monitoring system on the fully mechanized caving support, it is able to monitor whether there are large pieces of coal blocking the coal caving opening, affecting the top coal caving. By installing motor current monitoring system at the rear scraper conveyor, it is able to realize automatic control of coal flow. At the same time, the system includes manual intervention functions, such as supplement and parking functions. By installing ash detection system at the end of the belt conveyor, it is able to analyze online whether the ash is increasing. By installing the vibration sensor-based coal and gangue identification device on the fully mechanized caving support, it is able to identify whether there is serious mixed gangue according to the amount of gangue falling based on the vibration sensor data. Combined with the intelligent coal caving process, the intelligent coal caving scheme is customized for the Wangjialing Coal Mine 12309 fully mechanized working face. Based on the automatic sequential coal caving and interval coal caving process, the gangue identification control of vibration signal and the manual coal caving flow control technology, the intelligent coal caving of this working face is obtained. Moreover, the actual application results have verified the effectiveness of the intelligent coal caving technology.
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