Abstract: In view of problems of low definition of voice caused by oxygen device, absence of video information, lack of monitoring and transmitting functions of environment parameters existed in coal mine emergency rescue communication system at present, the paper proposed a scheme of coal mine emergency rescue communication system based on wireless Mesh network. It briefly introduced networking mode and general structure of the system, and gave design approach of primary devices in the system after analyzing principle and topology of the wireless Mesh. It also discussed key technique difficulties such as QoS guarantee, dynamic routing for wireless Mesh network, service admittance and control, seamless mobility of media stream and so on, and put forward their solutions. Practical application shows that the system can offer voice and video communication functions among ground headquarter, underground headquarter and underground rescue technicians, and real-time monitor and display environment parameters at headquarter.