摘要:
超宽带（UWB）雷达因穿透能力强、分辨率高，可穿透煤岩等非磁性矿井坍塌物探测定位后方被困人员。本文系统梳理了UWB雷达定位原理及其在矿山救援中的应用，从雷达定位方法、动静态目标定位、单多目标定位三方面进行归纳整理，提出目前研究存在的问题：①矿井灾后环境介质复杂、坍塌体结构布局随机、UWB电磁波传播衰减影响大，回波信号处理难，传统定位方法难以在大厚度、非均匀、不连续介质环境中有效应用。②非视距环境下，信号波动、散射和衰减效应显著，导致雷达回波信号较弱且杂波干扰显著，信号质量明显下降，微动目标探测定位精度低，动态目标实时定位误差大。③多目标间相互干扰，雷达信号混叠、遮挡效应显著，导致信号的清晰度和目标的可识别性不高，进而影响雷达定位精度。对未来面向矿山救援的人员定位研究趋势作出展望：①迭代优化适用于矿山灾后环境的定位方法，构建跨模态信息融合模型，提高定位系统对复杂环境的适应性。②通过改进VMD与频谱分析算法提取微弱信号，结合DBN融合静态和动态目标特征，构建基于目标状态切换的综合定位模型，以提升UWB雷达在矿井灾后环境中对动静目标综合探测定位的适用性。③通过改进UWB雷达回波处理算法，结合自适应波束成形技术、MIMO技术及优化的K-means++或熵分析分层算法，有效区分多目标位置信息，并通过大量模拟实验检验其在复杂环境中的适应性和可靠性。
Abstract:
Due to its strong penetration (UWB) resolution, ultra-broadband (UWB) radar can detect and locate the trapped people in the mine. This paper system combed the UWB radar positioning principle and its application in mine rescue, from the radar positioning method, dynamic and static target positioning, single multiple three aspects, put forward the research problems: ① mine disaster environment medium complex, collapse structure layout of random, UWB electromagnetic wave propagation attenuation, echo signal processing, traditional positioning method in large thickness, uneven, discontinuous medium environment.② In the non-visual-distance environment, the signal fluctuation, scattering and attenuation effects are significant, resulting in weak radar echo signal and significant clutter interference, significant decrease in signal quality, low detection and positioning accuracy of micro-moving targets, and large real-time positioning error of dynamic targets.③ Interference between multiple targets, radar signal aliasing and occlusion effect is significant, resulting in the clarity of signals and low identification of targets, and then affect the positioning accuracy of the radar. The paper discusses the future research trend of personnel positioning for mine rescue: ① Iteratively optimize the positioning method applicable to mine post-disaster environment, build cross-modal information fusion model, and improve the adaptability of positioning system to complex environment.② By improving VMD and spectrum analysis algorithm to extract weak signals, combined with DBN fusion static and dynamic target features, build a comprehensive positioning model based on target state switching, so as to improve the applicability of UWB radar for the comprehensive detection and positioning of static and static targets in the post-disaster environment.③ By improving the UWB radar echo processing algorithm, combined with adaptive beamforming technology, MIMO technology and optimized K-means + + or entropy analysis stratification algorithm, the multi-target location information is effectively distinguished, and its adaptability and reliability in complex environment are tested through a large number of simulation experiments.
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