Roof collapse accumulation and stress evolution characteristics of double-inclined mining in steeply inclined medium-thick coal seam
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摘要:
俯伪斜开采降低工作面倾角能力有限，倾角60°以上急倾斜中厚煤层长壁综合机械化开采方法亟待突破。以华蓥山煤业股份有限公司绿水洞煤矿3212工作面为工程背景，在俯伪斜开采的基础上提出了双斜开采的采煤方法，并采用物理相似模拟、数值模拟等方法，分析了双斜开采顶板破断矸石充填滑移堆积规律及应力演化过程。结果表明：双斜开采工作面布置需要与矿井开采设计相协调，工作面两巷维护难度大，其中回风巷侧受采动应力影响大，而运输巷与工作面支架的协调配合难度大；双斜开采由于其异形采空区顶板结构，垮落步距更大，其矸石垮落堆积呈倒三角形且存在周期性滑移特征，并且由于大块矸石堆积造成工作面上部和中部的非均匀来压现象；双斜开采原岩应力随工作面的推进逐渐增大，工作面倾斜上部、中部、下部来压强度不同，一般倾斜中上部来压大于下部，但倾斜下部支承压力应力集中系数大于工作面中上部，双斜开采顶板应力演化特征受工作面形状和推进距离的影响，并由于巷道调斜角作用，应力释放范围呈现由倾斜上部至下部逐渐变小的非对称特征。
Abstract:The pseudo-inclined mining has limited capacity to reduce the inclination angle of working face, necessitating breakthroughs in longwall comprehensive mechanized mining methods for steeply inclined medium-thick coal seam with inclination angles exceeding 60°. Taking the 3212 working face in the Lüshuidong Coal Mine of Huayingshan Coal Industry Co., Ltd. as the engineering background, a double-inclined mining method was proposed based on pseudo-inclined mining. Physical similarity simulation and numerical simulation were employed to analyze the movement and accumulation patterns and stress evolution of the gangue filling after roof breaking in double-inclined mining. The results showed that the layout of the double-inclined working face needed to be coordinated with the mine’s mining design, and the maintenance of two roadways of the working face was challenging. The return air roadway side was significantly affected by the mining stress, while coordinating the transportation roadway with the working face support was also difficult. Due to the irregularly shaped goaf roof structure, the double-inclined mining had larger collapse steps, and its gangue collapse accumulation formed an inverted triangular pattern with periodic sliding characteristics. The accumulation of large gangue blocks resulted in non-uniform pressure in the upper and middle sections of the working face. In double-inclined mining, the original rock stress increased gradually with the advancing distances of the working face, with varying pressure intensities in the upper, middle, and lower inclined sections of the working face. Generally, the upper and middle sections experienced greater pressure than the lower section, but the stress concentration factor of the support pressure was higher in the lower inclined section compared to that in the upper and middle sections of the working face. The stress evolution characteristics of the roof in double-inclined mining were influenced by the working face shape and advancing distance. Additionally, the roadway inclination angle adjustment caused the range of stress release to decrease asymmetrically from the upper to the lower inclined sections.
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图 2 俯伪斜开采和双斜开采对比
Figure 2. Comparison between pseudo-inclined mining and double-inclined mining
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图 5 大型三维变角度物理相似材料模拟台
Figure 5. Large three-dimensional variable-angle physical similarity material simulation platform
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图 8 推进50 cm时倾斜下部矸石充填效果
Figure 8. Gangue filling effect of lower inclined section at 50 cm advancing distance
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图 9 不同推进距离下倾斜上部支承压力
Figure 9. Support pressure in the upper inclined section at different advancing distances
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图 10 推进80 cm时倾斜上部矸石充填效果
Figure 10. Gangue filling effect of upper inclined section at 80 cm advancing distance
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图 12 双斜开采矸石充填演化特征
Figure 12. Evolution characteristics of gangue filling in double-inclined mining
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图 14 不同推进距离下支承压力演化特征
Figure 14. Evolution characteristics of support pressure at different advancing distances
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图 15 不同推进距离下基本顶垂直应力
Figure 15. Vertical stress of basic roof at different advancing distances
表 1 数值计算模型煤岩体物理力学参数
Table 1 Physical and mechanical parameters of coal and rock mass in numerical calculation model
岩层名称 密度/（kg·m-3） 体积模量/MPa 剪切模量/MPa 抗拉强度/MPa 黏聚力/MPa 内摩擦角/（°） 底板 2 600 3.37 3.80 1.70 2.60 36.9 直接底 2 100 2.65 1.80 1.40 1.10 28.3 煤层 1 700 1.67 0.54 0.42 1.15 27.6 伪顶 2 650 1.73 0.80 1.00 2.20 36.9 直接顶 2 430 2.05 1.00 1.51 3.80 31.1 基本顶 2 600 3.50 3.30 1.60 2.30 28.3 覆岩 2 650 4.01 2.10 1.50 2.20 36.9 
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