Construction and development trends of intelligent mining basic platform
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摘要: 智能矿山是数字矿山和综合自动化系统发展的延续，相较于数字矿山和矿山综合自动化系统，智能矿山对基础平台提出了更高要求。智能矿山基础平台分网络平台和数据平台两大部分，网络平台分为主干网和接入网。主干网经历了工业总线网、100 Mbit/s工业以太网、1 000 Mbit/s工业以太网和10 Gbit/s工业以太网的发展过程。分析了主干网从工业总线到10 Gbit/s工业以太网的发展过程、各自的优缺点及适用性，指出工业总线网和100 Mbit/s工业以太网不适合作为智能矿山主干网，而1 000 Mbit/s和10 Gbit/s工业以太网目前是智能矿山主干网络的首选。通过分析智能矿山接入网的建设需求，指出智能矿山的接入网应具备无盲区接入和底层计算能力。目前的无线接入网仍难以具备上述能力：如漏泄通信系统属于半无线方式，应用场合受限，速率不高；5G主要为无线传输网络，有较为灵活的速率适应性，适合作为纯接入传输网络，由于不具备自组网和底层计算能力，在无盲区监测应用方面受到一定限制；无线传感器网络具备一定自给网及底层计算能力，但速率较低，特别是矿山井下多跳使用时速率明显下降，且功耗上升，从而降低计算能力和自组网能力。因此，需要研发新的适应智能矿山需求的接入网设备。针对分立服务器和简单虚拟服务器的数据平台方式已不能适应智能矿山对数据平台的要求，分析了数据平台的超融合服务平台架构及其关键技术、超融合服务的特点及对智能矿山建设的适应性，指出超融合服务器是智能矿山数据平台的发展方向。Abstract: Intelligent mines are the continuation of the development of digital mines and integrated automation systems. Compared to digital mines and integrated automation systems, intelligent mines have higher requirements for basic platforms. The basic platforms of intelligent mine are divided into two parts: network platform and data platform. The network platform is divided into backbone network and access network. The backbone network has gone through the development process of industrial bus network, 100 Mbit/s industrial Ethernet, 1000 Mbit/s industrial Ethernet, and 10 Gbit/s industrial Ethernet. This study analyzes the development process, advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of the backbone network from industrial bus to 10 Gbit/s industrial Ethernet. It is pointed out that industrial bus network and 100 Mbit/s industrial Ethernet are not suitable as intelligent mine backbone networks. The 1000 Mbit/s and 10 Gbit/s industrial Ethernet are currently the preferred backbone networks for intelligent mines. By analyzing the construction requirements of intelligent mine access networks, it is pointed out that the access networks of intelligent mines should have blind spot free access and underlying computing capabilities. Currently, wireless access networks are still difficult to possess these capabilities. Leakage communication system belongs to semi wireless mode, the application situation is limited, and the speed is not high. 5G is mainly a wireless transmission network with relatively flexible rate adaptability. It is suitable to be a pure access transmission network. Due to its lack of ad hoc network and underlying computing capabilities, it is limited in blind spot free monitoring applications. WSN has a certain degree of self-sufficient network and underlying computing capabilities. But its speed is relatively low. Especially when used in underground mines with multiple hops, the speed rate significantly decreases, and the power consumption increases, thereby reducing computing capabilities and self-organizing network capabilities. Therefore, new access network devices that meet the needs of intelligent mines need to be developed. The data platform approach based on discrete servers and simple virtual servers can no longer meet the requirements of intelligent mines for data platforms. This paper analyzes the architecture and key technologies of the data platform's hyperconverged service platform, the characteristics of hyperconverged services, and its adaptability to the construction of intelligent mines. It is pointed out that hyperconverged servers are the development direction of intelligent mine data platforms.
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图 1 智能矿山基础平台、应用平台与应用系统的关系
Figure 1. The relationship of basic platform, application platform and application system in intelligent mine
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图 2 神华集团大柳塔煤矿ControlNet总线综合自动化系统
Figure 2. The ControlNet bus integrated automation system in Shenhua Daliuta Coal Mine
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图 6 漏泄移动通信系统无线接入网
Figure 6. Leakage mobile communication system wireless access network
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