Study on the tensile properties of sandstone with different water contents under freeze-thaw cycles
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摘要: 我国寒冷地区矿山受冻融循环作用的影响，岩石内部因不均匀胀缩而产生裂隙，同时裂隙间水分冻胀使得裂隙扩大，造成岩石破坏，进而影响边坡的稳定性。为研究冻融循环作用下不同含水率砂岩的抗拉特性，对不同冻融循环次数（0，10，20，30次）下不同含水率（0，35%，70%，100%）砂岩进行巴西劈裂试验，同时进行声发射监测，分析了含水率和冻融循环作用对砂岩抗拉特性的影响。结果表明：① 当砂岩含水率小于35%时，砂岩抗拉强度降低幅度较为缓慢，含水率大于35%时抗拉强度降低幅度变快。② 砂岩声发射信号峰值频率分布有明显频带特征，含水率增大会使砂岩声发射信号峰值频率主要集中区延后出现。③ 随着冻融次数增多，非完全饱水砂岩的声发射振铃计数和累计能量峰值不断降低，完全饱水砂岩的声发射信号减少且声发射振铃计数峰值呈先升后降趋势，含水率相同的砂岩声发射信号低峰值频率从50 kHz降低到10 kHz以下，其中冻融10次时砂岩加载过程中的声发射信号以峰值频率小于20 kHz的低频信号为主，冻融20次后砂岩声发射信号峰值频率降到10 kHz以下。④ 砂岩整个加载过程以低频低幅值声发射信号为主，主要发生小尺度破裂。Abstract: Mines in cold regions of China are affected by freeze-thaw cycles, resulting in uneven expansion and contraction of rocks, leading to the formation of cracks. At the same time, the expansion of cracks due to water frost heave between cracks leads to rock damage. In turn, it affects the stability of slopes. To study the tensile properties of sandstone with different water contents under freeze-thaw cycles, Brazilian splitting tests are conducted on sandstone with different water contents (0, 35%, 70%, 100%) under different freeze-thaw cycles (0, 10, 20, 30 times). Acoustic emission monitoring is also conducted to analyze the effects of water content and freeze-thaw cycles on the tensile properties of sandstone. The results show the following points. ① When the water content of sandstone is less than 35%, the decrease in tensile strength of sandstone is relatively slow. When the water content is greater than 35%, the decrease in tensile strength becomes faster. ② The peak frequency distribution of sandstone acoustic emission signals has obvious frequency band features. The increase in water content will delay the appearance of the main concentration area of sandstone acoustic emission signal peak frequency. ③ As the number of freeze-thaw cycles increases, the acoustic emission ringing count and cumulative energy peak of non-fully saturated sandstone continue to decrease. The acoustic emission signal of fully saturated sandstone decreases, and the peak acoustic emission ringing count shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The low peak frequency of the acoustic emission signal of sandstone with the same water content decreases from 50 kHz to below 10 kHz. The acoustic emission signals during the loading process of sandstone when freeze-thaw cycle is 10 are mainly low-frequency signals with a peak frequency of less than 20 kHz. After 20 freeze-thaw cycles, the peak frequency of the acoustic emission signals of sandstone decreases to below 10 kHz. ④ The entire loading process of sandstone is mainly characterized by low-frequency and low-amplitude acoustic emission signals, mainly resulting in small-scale cracks.
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图 1 不同冻融次数下砂岩含水率−抗拉强度关系曲线
Figure 1. Relationship curve of water content and tensile strength of sandstone under different freeze-thaw cycles
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图 2 冻融循环作用下不同含水率砂岩声发射振铃计数、累计能量和荷载随时间变化曲线
Figure 2. Variation curve of acoustic emission ringing count, cumulative energy and load of sandstone with different water content with time under freeze-thaw cycle
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图 3 冻融循环作用下不同含水率砂岩声发射振铃计数、累计能量峰值统计
Figure 3. Acoustic emission ringing count and cumulative energy peak statistics of sandstone with different water content under freeze-thaw cycle
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图 4 冻融循环作用下不同含水率砂岩声发射信号峰值频率、幅值与荷载随时间变化曲线
Figure 4. Variation curve of acoustic emission signal peak frequency, amplitude and load of sandstone with different water content with time under freeze-thaw cycle
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图 5 冻融循环作用下不同含水率砂岩的不同幅频声发射信号占比统计
Figure 5. Statistics of proportion of different amplitude-frequency acoustic emission signals of sandstone with different water content under freeze-thaw cycle
表 1 试样编号
Table 1 Sample number
编号 含水率/% 冻融次数 编号 含水率/% 冻融次数 0−0 0 0 0−20 0 20 35−0 35 0 35−20 35 20 70−0 70 0 70−20 70 20 100−0 100 0 100−20 100 20 0−10 0 10 0−30 0 30 35−10 35 10 35−30 35 30 70−10 70 10 70−30 70 30 100−10 100 10 100−30 100 30 
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