Analysis on deformation characteristics of surrounding rock of gob-side entry retaining with soft bottom in thick coal seam and strengthening support technology of roof and side
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摘要: 长时高叠加应力条件下的围岩变形破坏机制及控制措施是厚煤层软底沿空留巷支护技术的关键。现有对厚煤层沿空留巷围岩变形破坏机制及支护控制的研究主要针对坚硬岩底沿空巷道顶帮变形、充填体本身强度及材料配比，对厚煤层软底留巷研究较少，对沿空留巷的力学分析不全面，支护方案单一。针对上述问题，以山西潞安化工集团有限公司古城煤矿N1303工作面为工程背景，建立了顶板、煤帮、底板破坏力学模型，分析了巷道围岩变形破坏特征：顶板处于混合应力环境，易发生拉伸破坏；实体煤帮在高应力作用下发生压剪式破坏，锚杆破坏失效；充填体受压侵入底板，造成底板倾斜失稳，易发生软煤碎胀底鼓。针对围岩变形破坏特征，提出了“三位一体”的围岩支护控制方案，即控制顶板、限制煤帮、让压底板。为保证顶板在沿空留巷上方能够平衡应力分布，采取锚索+充填体切顶方式，使顶板在巷道上方不形成悬臂梁结构，只发生下沉，而没有回转变形；考虑到留巷后顶板的稳定性，采取注浆锚索方式对巷道破碎顶板进行注浆，形成一个整体，更好地控制顶板。为提高实体煤帮支护强度，补打短锚索，将极限平衡区煤层与深部弹性承载层连接，降低巷旁充填体支护阻力。对底板进行适当的让压有利于巷道整体实现柔性支护，在充填体墙体下通过挖槽、浇筑条形基础进行底板加固。利用“三位一体”的围岩支护控制方案优化了原沿空留巷支护方案，现场试验结果表明：采用优化支护方案后，顶板位移由337 mm减小至142 mm，煤帮位移由305 mm减小至70 mm，底板位移由675 mm减小至162 mm，巷道收敛率由34.1%减小至10.73%，锚杆（索）工作阻力稳定，充填体无破损倾斜，支护效果较好。Abstract: The deformation and failure mechanism of surrounding rock and the control measures under the condition of long-time high superimposed stress are the keys to gob-side entry retaining support technology in thick coal seam with soft bottom. The existing research on the deformation and failure mechanism of surrounding rock and support control of gob-side entry retaining in thick coal seam is mainly aimed at deformation of roof and side of gob-side entry with hard rock bottom, and the strength of filling body and material proportion. There are few research on retaining roadway with soft bottom in thick coal seam. The mechanical analysis of gob-side entry retaining is incomplete, and the support scheme is single. In order to solve the above problems, taking N1303 working face of Gucheng Coal Mine of Shanxi Lu'an Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd. as the engineering background, the failure mechanics models of roof, coal wall and floor are established. The deformation and failure characteristics of the roadway surrounding rock are analyzed. The roof is in a mixed stress environment, which is prone to tensile failure. Under the action of high stress, the solid coal side suffers compression shear failure, and the anchor rod fails. The filling body intrudes into the floor under pressure, causing the floor to tilt and lose stability, which is prone to soft coal broken and swelling. According to the deformation and failure characteristics of surrounding rock, the trinity surrounding rock support control scheme is proposed, namely, controlling the roof, restricting the coal side and yielding floor. In order to ensure that the roof can balance the stress distribution above the gob-side entry retaining, the method of anchor cable + filling body top cutting is adopted. Thus the roof does not form a cantilever beam structure above the roadway, only sinking occurs, and there is no rotary deformation. Considering the roof stability of gob-side entry retaining, the way of grouting anchor cable is adopted to grout the broken roof of the roadway to form a whole for better controlling the roof. In order to improve the support strength of the solid coal side, short anchor cables are added to connect the coal seam in the limit equilibrium area with the deep elastic bearing layer, and reduce the support resistance of the filling body beside the roadway. The proper yielding of the floor is beneficial to the flexible support of the whole roadway. The floor is reinforced by digging grooves and pouring strip foundations under the filling body wall. The original gob-side entry retaining support scheme is optimized by using the trinity surrounding rock support control scheme. The field test results show that after using the optimized support scheme, the roof movement subsidence is reduced from 337 mm to 142 mm, and the coal side movement is reduced from 305 mm to 70 mm. The floor movement is reduced from 675 mm to 162 mm, and the roadway convergence rate is reduced from 34.1% to 10.73%. The working resistance of the anchor rod (cable) is stable, the filling body is free of damage and inclination, and the support effect is good.
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图 2 N1303工作面沿空留巷原始支护
Figure 2. Original support of gob-side entry retaining in N1303 working face
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图 6 沿空留巷帮底变形及破坏分区
Figure 6. Deformation and failure zone of floor and roadway sides of gob-side entry retaining
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图 7 “三位一体”沿空留巷围岩控制流程
Figure 7. Trinity gob-side entry retaining surrounding rock control flow
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图 9 沿空留巷顶帮围岩控制
Figure 9. Surrounding rock control of roof and roadway sides of gob-side entry retaining
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图 10 厚煤层软底巷道底鼓原理及措施
Figure 10. Floor heave principle of soft bottom roadway in thick coal seam and its countermeasures
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