Research on outburst elimination technology of shield tunneling in middle roadway of outburst thin coal seam
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摘要: 为了解决薄煤层煤与瓦斯突出防治困难的问题，分析了薄煤层中有效抽采区域分布特征：由于受薄煤层厚度的限制，瓦斯抽采有效区域在垂直方向的扩展受阻，更倾向于在水平方向延伸，导致水平方向的有效抽采半径远大于煤层厚度，有效抽采区域呈椭圆形分布，瓦斯渗流场主要集中在煤层走向和倾向上。根据该特征，指出基于本煤层抽采方式的中间巷掩护掘进消突技术能使抽采区域连成一片，更适用于薄煤层瓦斯抽采。分析了将中间巷掩护掘进消突技术应用于薄煤层中进行分块消突的优势和技术原理：采用沿空留巷技术将上一工作面的回风巷作为下一工作面的进风巷；在进风巷向前施工瓦斯抽采钻孔，抽采范围覆盖并超前预定的中间巷20 m以上，通过瓦斯抽采消除中间巷的突出危险性；掘进中间巷；在中间巷向回风巷预定位置施工瓦斯抽采钻孔，抽采范围覆盖并超前预定的回风巷20 m以上，通过瓦斯抽采消除中间巷的突出危险性；最后对回风巷进行掘进，形成回采工作面。以某矿9305工作面薄煤层为研究对象进行数值模拟，结果表明：在抽采时间为10 d和30 d之间，有效抽采半径的增加幅度最大，随着抽采时间增加，有效抽采范围的增加幅度逐渐减小；钻孔间距为3 m时，两钻孔之间的有效抽采半径几乎相切，抽采效果最佳，抽采压力基本可以使大部分煤层瓦斯有效扩散、解析、被动抽采；对中间巷的瓦斯抽采有效降低了回风巷和递进中间巷区域之间的瓦斯压力。现场实测结果表明：9305工作面突出煤层中间巷掩护掘进的最优抽采钻孔间距为3 m，孔径为94 mm，有效抽采直径不超过5 m，钻孔深度为107 m；中间巷掩护掘进消突技术使得薄煤层瓦斯体积分数下降约70%，消突效果显著。Abstract: In order to solve the problem of difficult prevention and control of coal and gas outburst in thin coal seam, the distribution characteristics of effective extraction area in thin coal seam are analyzed. Due to the limitation of the thickness of the thin coal seam, the expansion of the effective gas extraction area in the vertical direction is hindered, and it tends to extend in the horizontal direction, resulting in the effective extraction radius in the horizontal direction is much larger than the thickness of the coal seam. The effective extraction area is elliptically distributed. The gas seepage field mainly focuses on the direction and inclination of the coal seam. According to the characteristics, it is pointed out that the outburst elimination technology of shield tunneling in middle roadway based on the coal seam extraction mode can make the extraction area connected together. The technology is more suitable for gas extraction in thin coal seam. This paper analyzes the advantages and technical principles of applying the outburst elimination technology of shield tunneling in the middle roadway to block outburst elimination in thin coal seam. The gob-side entry retaining technology is adopted to make the return airway roadway of the previous working face as the air inlet roadway of the next working face. The gas extraction boreholes are constructed ahead of the air inlet roadway, and the extraction range covers and exceeds the predetermined middle roadway by more than 20 m. The gas extraction is used to eliminate the outburst danger of the middle roadway. tunneling the middle roadway. The gas extraction boreholes are constructed at the predetermined position in the middle roadway to the return airway roadway, and the extraction range covers and exceeds the predetermined return airway roadway by more than 20 m. The gas extraction is used to eliminate the outburst danger of the middle roadway. Finally, the return airway roadway is excavated to form the working face. Taking the thin coal seam of 9305 working face of a mine as the research object, the numerical simulation is carried out. The results show that when the extraction time is between 10 d and 30 d, the increase of the effective extraction radius is the largest. With the increase of the extraction time, the increase of the effective extraction range gradually decreases. When the borehole spacing is 3 m, the effective extraction radius between the two holes is almost tangent, and the extraction effect is the best. The extraction pressure can basically make most of the coal seam gas to be effectively diffused, resolved and passively extracted. The gas extraction in the middle roadway reduces the gas pressure between the return airway roadway and the progressive middle roadway area effectively. The field measurement results show that the optimal extraction borehole spacing for shield tunneling in the middle roadway of outburst coal seam in 9305 working face is 3 m, the borehole diameter is 94 mm, the effective extraction diameter is not more than 5 m, and the drilling depth is 107 m. The outburst elimination technology of shield tunneling in middle roadway reduces the gas volume fraction of the thin coal seam by about 70%, and the outburst elimination effect is remarkable.
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图 3 薄煤层中间巷抽采钻孔布置
Figure 3. Layout of extraction boreholes in middle roadway of thin coal seam
图 5 不同抽采时间下薄煤层瓦斯压力分布
Figure 5. Gas pressure distribution in thin coal seams under different extraction time
图 6 不同钻孔间距下薄煤层瓦斯压力分布
Figure 6. Gas pressure distribution in thin coal seam under different borehole spacing
图 8 9305工作面中间巷递进掩护掘进消突方案
Figure 8. The scheme of outburst elimination of progressive shield tunneling in middle roadway of 9305 working face
图 9 回风巷本煤层抽采瓦斯体积分数变化
Figure 9. Variation of volume fraction of gas extracted from coal seam in return airway
表 1 主要物理参数
Table 1. Main physical parameters
名称 数值 初始瓦斯压力/MPa 1.75 灰分/% 9.8 吸附常数a/(m3·t−1) 27.248 吸附常数b/(MPa−1) 1.12 孔隙率/% 5 透气性系数/(m2·MPa−2·d−1) 0.778 瓦斯动力黏度/(Pa·s) 1.84×10−5 煤层密度/(t·m−3) 1400 透气率/m2 3.8×10−15 水分/% 1.5 
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