Research on digital mine all-optical network based on 5G C-RAN technology
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摘要: 建设数字化矿山的首要问题之一是构建一张低时延、大带宽、高可靠的高品质信息网络，WiFi、4G等传统无线通信技术已无法满足矿山数字化转型的新需求。从数字化矿山对通信网络的需求出发，研究了5G技术在井下矿山应用的必要性和部署难点，指出基于集中式无线接入网（C−RAN）的井下5G组网方案可有效降低5G网络在井下的部署要求和难度，但须解决光纤资源消耗大、“哑资源”故障管理难2个问题。提出了基于5G C−RAN技术的数字化矿山全光网系统，从C−RAN接入网、高速全光网、智能管控平台3个层面阐述了系统架构，并研究了半有源光网络架构、低成本波分复用（WDM）高速传输、智能管控平台等关键技术。该系统采用直检WDM技术节省光纤资源，可将光纤使用数量减少91.67%，同时基于半有源架构、调顶操作维护管理（OAM）技术实现对光纤网络的低成本管控和灵活部署，破解井下巷道光纤资源紧张和光纤网络管理难题。实验结果表明：12个不同波长WDM光模块的发送光功率为3.5~5.2 dBm，接收灵敏度为−16.9~−19.0 dBm，链路预算能力可达21 dB以上，满足应用要求；消光比为4.7~5.1 dB，眼图裕量大于17.5%，表明了较高的信号质量；在低温−40 ℃和高温85 ℃下，WDM光模块发送光功率、接收灵敏度均存在一定性能劣化，但仍然能够满足10 km传输需求。现场应用结果表明，12个不同波长WDM光模块的发送光功率为3.7~5.6 dBm，接收灵敏度为−17.9 ~ −16.3 dBm，其中最差通道的链路预算能力仍在20.2 dB以上，满足应用要求。Abstract: One of the primary issues in building a digital mine is to build a high-quality information network with low latency, large bandwidth, and high reliability. Traditional wireless communication technologies such as WiFi and 4G have been unable to meet the new demand of the digital transformation of mines. Starting from the demand for communication networks in digital mines, the necessity and deployment difficulties of 5G technology in underground mines are studied. It is pointed out that the underground 5G networking scheme based on centralized-radio access network (C-RAN) can effectively reduce the deployment requirements and difficulties of 5G networks in underground mines. However, two issues, the high consumption of optical fiber resources and the difficulty in managing dumb resource failures, must be addressed. A digital mine all-optical network system based on 5G C-RAN technology is proposed. The system architecture is introduced from three levels: C-RAN access network, high-speed all-optical network, and intelligent control platform. Key technologies such as semi-active optical network architecture, low-cost wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) high-speed transmission, and intelligent control platform are studied. The system uses direct inspection WDM technology to save optical fiber resources, which can reduce the number of optical fibers used by 91.67%. At the same time, based on semi-active architecture and topping operation administration and maintenance (OAM) technology, it achieves low-cost control and flexible deployment of optical fiber networks. It solves the tight optical fiber resources and optical fiber network management challenges in underground roadways. The experimental results show that the transmission optical power of 12 WDM optical modules with different wavelengths is 3.5 dBm to 5.2 dBm. The reception sensitivity is −16.9 dBm to −19.0 dBm, and the link budget capacity can reach over 21 dB, meeting application requirements. The extinction ratio ranges from 4.7 dB to 5.1 dB, and the eye pattern margin is greater than 17.5%, indicating high signal quality. At a low temperature of − 40 ℃ and a high temperature of 85 ℃, the WDM optical module has some performance degradation in both transmission optical power and reception sensitivity. But it can still meet the transmission requirements of 10 km. Field application results show that the transmission optical power of 12 WDM optical modules with different wavelengths is 3.7 dBm to 5.6 dBm, and the reception sensitivity is −17.9 dBm to −16.3 dBm. The link budget capability of the worst channel is still above 20.2 dB, meeting application requirements.
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图 1 井下矿山传统D−RAN组网方案
Figure 1. Traditional D-RAN networking scheme for underground mines
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图 3 基于5G C−RAN技术的数字化矿山全光网系统架构
Figure 3. Digital mine all-optical network system architecture based on 5G C-RAN technology
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图 5 井下巷道光纤网络施工规划
Figure 5. Construction planning of optical fiber network in underground roadway
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图 7 12个不同波长WDM光模块的发送光功率和接收灵敏度
Figure 7. Transmitting optical power and receiving sensitivity of 12 WDM optical modules with different wavelengths
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图 8 12个不同波长WDM光模块的消光比
Figure 8. Extinction ratio of 12 WDM optical modules with different wavelengths
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图 10 高低温环境下12个不同波长WDM光模块的性能
Figure 10. Performance of 12 WDM optical modules with different wavelengths in high and low temperature environment
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