Abstract: The entrance of the underground personnel in coal mine should be equipped with a device to detect whether the identification card is working properly and uniquely. There are problems in the use of uniqueness detection technology based on palm prints and fingerprints, facial images, gait and other biological characteristics to detect the person carrying this card. The recognition accuracy is low due to the impact of the environment. The existing mine uniqueness detection device is interfered by the identification card outside the detection area, and the detection effect is not ideal when the person carries multiple identification card, carries wrong identification card, and does not carry the identification card. In order to solve the above problems, a mine uniqueness detection device based on 433 MHz wireless communication and iris recognition is designed. Firstly, by adjusting the transmission power of the directional antenna, real-time configuration of the detection area is realized. The 433 MHz wireless communication module configures the detection area identifier to the identification cards in the detection area through the directional antenna. The card reader base station reads the message data of the identification cards, and detects whether the detection area identifier of the message data is equal to the configured detection area identifier. In order to eliminate the interference of identification cards outside the area, the number of identification cards in the detection area is detected, and the detection results are written into the result table of the intermediate database. Secondly, the iris information of the personnel to be inspected is collected, and the identification card information of the personnel is queried by identifying the iris information. Finally, by judging whether the identification card information queried according to the iris information matches with the result table information of the intermediate database, the uniqueness detection of the identification card is realized. The test results show that the detection accuracy of the device is 100% for the cases of carrying multiple identification cards, carrying wrong identification cards, not carrying identification cards and carrying right identification cards. The average detection time does not exceed 2 s.