Abstract: Aiming at problems of data loss and tampering during data transmission and storage of mine Internet of things(IoT), blockchain technology was applied to data transmission and storage of mine IoT. Mine private blockchain architecture with data layer, transmission layer and consensus layer as core was constructed. Protection schemes for data transmission and storage of mine IoT based on consensus module and data block were designed. Practical Byzantine fault tolerance algorithm was used to design data consensus process. Consensus module was set up between every two nodes of distributed structured P2P network and P2P protocol was optimized to achieve mine data security consensus. The test results show that application of private blockchain guarantees accurate transmission and reliable storage of mine IoT data.