Research on heterogeneous clustering networking protocol in 3D open-pit mine scenario

Open-pit mine networking is one of the basic key technologies of intelligent mines. However, the complex communication environment in open-pit mines and the large mobility difference of various heterogeneous nodes lead to unstable communication links. In order to solve this problem, a heterogeneous clustering networking protocol (HCNP) is proposed. HCNP supports the access of static solar LoRa relay equipment at any time, and can be flexibly arranged with the change of mining depth. HCNP uses the shortest path tree to form a static backbone network from static devices and static relay devices to base stations. HCNP divides the priority according to whether the node moves, whether the energy is limited, the number of hops and the distance to the base station. The cluster head selection and clustering process are completed based on the different priorities of the node, and a heterogeneous networking mode of static backbone network and dynamic clustering is formed so as to realize the reliable forwarding of data. The simulation results show that compared with Ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing (AODV), optimized link state routing protocol (OLSR), greedy peripheral stateless routing protocol (GPSR), and node location-based 3D geographical routing protocol (AB3D), HCNP has higher successful transmission rate, lower end-to-end delay and lower energy consumption. When the simulation time and the number of nodes change, the successful transmission rate is always higher than 83%, the end-to-end delay is lower than 20 ms, and the energy consumption does not exceed 0.66 J. This shows that the static backbone network and the clustering strategy considering node priority are suitable for 3D open-pit mines with complex environment, and meet the requirements of dynamic adaptability of mine equipment and personnel number.