Analysis and testing of wireless transmission attenuation in coal mine underground and research on the optimal operating frequency band
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摘要: 5G，UWB，ZigBee，WiFi6等矿井移动通信、人员及车辆定位、无线传输等技术在煤矿井下应用，促进了煤矿安全生产和煤矿智能化建设。然而受电气防爆的限制，煤矿井下无线发射功率不大于6 W，制约着矿井无线传输距离，增加了基站用量和系统成本，不便于系统使用和维护。在无线发射功率受电气防爆限制的条件下，选择传输衰减较小的无线工作频段，可有效提高无线传输距离，减小基站用量和系统成本。为满足矿井无线传输工作频段选择与优化的需求，在国家能源集团国神公司三道沟煤矿的辅助运输大巷和综采工作面分别进行了700 MHz～6 GHz频段的无线传输测试，并对测试结果进行了分析，提出了矿井无线传输优选频段：① 辅助运输大巷无线传输的最佳工作频段为700～910 MHz。② 综采工作面无线传输的最佳工作频段为700～1 710 MHz。③ 辅助运输大巷无线传输衰减比综采工作面无线传输衰减小，且随着频率增大，辅助运输大巷与综采工作面无线传输衰减的差值变小。④ 矿井无线传输的最佳工作频段为700～1 710 MHz。Abstract: The application of technologies such as 5G, UWB, ZigBee and WiFi6 in coal mine mobile communication, personnel and vehicle positioning, and wireless transmission has promoted coal mine safety production and intelligent construction. However, due to the limitations of electrical explosion-proof measures, the wireless transmission power underground in coal mines is not greater than 6 W, which restricts the wireless transmission distance in the mine, and increases the usage of base stations and system costs. It is not convenient for system use and maintenance. Under the condition that the wireless transmission power is limited by electrical explosion-proof measures, selecting a wireless operating frequency band with smaller transmission attenuation can effectively increase the wireless transmission distance, reduce the usage of base stations, and reduce system costs. In order to meet the needs of selecting and optimizing the working frequency band of wireless transmission in mines, wireless transmission tests in the 700 MHz to 6 GHz frequency band are conducted in the auxiliary transportation roadway and fully mechanized working face of the Sandaogou Coal Mine of the National Energy Group. The test results are analyzed and the optimal frequency band for wireless transmission in mines is proposed. ① The optimal operating frequency band for wireless transmission in auxiliary transportation roadways is 700 to 910 MHz. ② The optimal working frequency band for wireless transmission in fully mechanized working faces is 700 to 1 710 MHz. ③ The wireless transmission attenuation of the auxiliary transportation roadway is smaller than that of the fully mechanized working face. As the frequency increases, the difference in wireless transmission attenuation between the auxiliary transportation roadway and the fully mechanized working face decreases. ④ The optimal working frequency band for wireless transmission in mines is 700 to 1 710 MHz.
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0. 引言
5G，UWB，ZigBee，WiFi6等矿井移动通信、人员及车辆定位、无线传输等技术在煤矿井下应用，提高了生产力和设备利用率，促进了煤矿安全生产和煤矿智能化建设[1-5]。然而受电气防爆的限制，煤矿井下无线发射功率不大于6 W，制约着矿井无线传输距离，增加了基站用量和系统成本，不便于系统使用和维护[6-11]。在无线发射功率受电气防爆限制的条件下，选择传输衰减较小的无线工作频段，可有效提高无线传输距离，减小基站用量和系统成本。受煤矿井下电气防爆等限制，通过理论分析和计算机仿真等研究矿井无线传输衰减较多，煤矿井下现场测试较少，未见有700 MHz～6 GHz较大频率范围煤矿井下无线传输衰减测试报告，难以满足矿井无线传输工作频段选择与优化的需求。笔者所在项目组进行了700 MHz～6 GHz较大频率范围煤矿井下无线传输衰减测试，并对测试结果进行了分析，提出了矿井无线传输最佳工作频段。
1. 煤矿井下现场测试
1.1 测试现场
笔者所在项目组于2023年2月在国家能源集团国神公司三道沟煤矿的辅助运输大巷和综采工作面分别进行了700 MHz～6 GHz频段的无线传输测试。测试所在辅助运输大巷为宽5.7 m、高3 m的平直矩形巷道，总长约为3 km，动力电缆、水管、通风管均在巷道右侧，如图1所示。测试所在综采工作面高度为3 m，宽度为6.7 m（其中液压支架立柱底部至煤壁宽度为4 m），总长约为300 m，如图2所示。
1.2 测试设备及方法
测试采用的设备有1台便携式射频信号发生器、1台便携式实时频谱分析仪、1根0.3 m SMA射频馈线、1根1 m SMA射频馈线、2根对数周期天线、2个可伸缩三角支架和2台笔记本电脑。便携式射频信号发生器型号为BPSG6，可发射频段为23.5 MHz～6 GHz，最大发射功率为+18 dBm。便携式实时频谱分析仪型号为V6−RSA250X，可测量频段为10 MHz～6 GHz，最大实时带宽为80 MHz，显示平均噪声电平（Display Average Noise Level，DANL）为−170 dBm/Hz。对数周期天线型号为HyperLOG 7060，工作频段为700 MHz～6 GHz，典型增益为5 dBi。根据矿用5G，4G，WiFi6，UWB，ZigBee等矿井人员定位系统、移动通信系统、无线视频和无线传感器使用频段[12-17]，煤矿井下测试频点选择700，910，1 200，1 500，1 770，1 950，2 400，2 595，3 550，4 800，5 400，6 000 MHz。
辅助运输大巷和综采工作面的测试设备安装分别如图3和图4所示。在发射端将便携式射频信号发生器固定在高1.6 m的可伸缩三脚支架上，用0.3 m SMA射频馈线将对数周期天线与便携式射频信号发生器相连，并用数据线将便携式射频信号发生器与笔记本电脑相连，通过笔记本电脑上的Aaronia AG−HF Generator软件控制便携式射频信号发生器的发射频率和发射功率。在接收端用1 m SMA射频馈线将对数周期天线与便携式实时频谱分析仪相连，并用数据线将便携式实时频谱分析仪与笔记本电脑相连，通过笔记本电脑上的Aaronia RTSA−Suite PRO软件实时记录接收功率测量值。将发射端设备固定不动，收发天线水平对齐，并水平直线移动接收端设备，即可测得井下不同距离下的无线传输接收功率。
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图 3 辅助运输大巷设备安装现场Figure 3. Equipment installation site in auxiliary transportation roadway![]()
图 4 综采工作面设备安装现场Figure 4. Equipment installation site in fully mechanized working face2. 辅助运输大巷测试结果分析及最佳无线传输工作频段
发射端设备固定不动，发射天线在辅助运输大巷中间（到两侧巷帮距离相等），高度距辅助运输大巷地面1.6 m，发射功率设定为+18 dBm。接收天线在辅助运输大巷中间（到两侧巷帮距离相等），高度距辅助运输大巷底板1.6 m，与发射天线水平对齐。不断增加接收天线和设备（以下简称接收天线）与发射天线和设备（以下简称发射天线）之间的轴向距离，频谱分析仪实时测量接收功率，直到收发天线相距540 m。由于接收功率测量值受射频馈线损耗、天线增益、发射功率和接收灵敏度等影响[18-21]，所以需要对接收功率测量值进行校准。为减少多径效应的影响，对收发天线每间隔10 m的无线传输衰减数据取1次平均值，得到辅助运输大巷不同频率无线传输衰减，见表1，并绘制成曲线，如图5所示。
表 1 辅助运输大巷不同频率无线传输衰减Table 1. Wireless transmission attenuation at different frequencies in auxiliary transportation roadway收发天线
距离/m辅助运输大巷不同频率无线传输衰减/dB 700 MHz 910 MHz 1 200 MHz 1 500 MHz 1 770 MHz 1 950 MHz 2 400 MHz 2 595 MHz 3 550 MHz 4 800 MHz 5 400 MHz 6 000 MHz 10 33.92 45.69 47.40 42.48 46.87 46.34 47.73 49.87 50.80 54.87 53.82 47.93 20 42.18 48.39 48.56 50.59 51.82 53.64 57.99 56.98 60.45 62.25 64.49 63.68 30 46.47 50.10 55.75 53.88 57.22 56.65 58.63 60.27 64.84 66.22 69.81 70.51 40 45.56 47.09 55.94 58.66 62.92 59.79 62.20 63.90 66.38 67.95 69.55 73.23 50 53.01 51.07 49.92 57.53 63.06 62.35 62.99 65.76 68.06 71.26 71.73 72.49 60 47.33 59.77 56.42 51.60 61.10 65.01 73.17 68.45 71.76 70.71 77.15 74.04 70 47.11 53.95 62.91 60.84 61.21 61.54 77.70 65.35 69.32 71.63 74.20 79.21 80 52.84 49.69 63.74 68.58 61.02 58.12 78.14 65.78 73.56 73.42 74.54 79.41 90 45.89 57.37 59.52 68.32 68.08 68.24 78.61 70.24 73.54 72.97 77.84 78.86 100 54.43 50.76 53.70 62.22 73.55 67.39 76.15 68.96 74.61 73.59 77.76 77.21 110 49.00 50.93 57.57 57.75 69.56 72.10 67.97 69.08 71.53 73.69 71.41 78.54 120 47.45 54.76 56.71 57.18 62.18 71.86 67.80 72.85 67.71 75.95 74.72 81.78 130 51.89 55.60 55.94 58.10 65.03 73.55 67.45 76.58 67.05 81.00 79.80 74.43 140 48.92 54.63 52.88 65.05 67.28 65.85 67.09 72.13 69.62 80.48 82.29 76.70 150 53.04 59.16 58.62 61.35 59.83 66.30 64.64 73.29 73.42 80.97 77.34 77.03 160 51.79 59.32 60.80 57.98 64.46 65.69 64.06 78.61 76.57 81.65 77.66 79.28 170 51.52 53.76 60.37 56.92 65.81 62.76 74.90 75.41 78.59 76.47 81.29 86.61 180 57.12 53.88 56.93 59.06 65.48 66.30 75.72 71.71 82.73 77.61 76.08 88.48 190 54.84 58.18 59.32 61.15 65.99 68.72 76.16 71.54 82.45 77.51 74.96 85.60 200 53.30 61.82 60.91 61.90 61.00 66.22 75.27 70.14 81.97 79.41 77.32 84.41 210 58.65 59.22 61.23 64.50 61.25 65.26 75.56 70.61 80.15 82.66 77.12 79.78 220 58.48 59.73 60.88 63.48 60.13 61.79 72.90 69.02 80.89 85.51 74.57 79.05 230 54.39 60.78 61.46 61.85 61.23 61.97 70.04 72.30 77.10 86.29 76.45 84.00 240 55.82 61.51 56.38 63.94 63.64 63.81 65.51 70.89 72.09 88.07 77.90 77.40 250 58.67 57.58 55.88 64.35 64.61 64.43 69.16 70.37 74.81 85.10 84.97 78.59 260 55.86 56.47 56.84 68.10 66.38 63.64 71.28 72.50 74.10 81.71 84.17 89.82 270 58.37 62.56 59.69 65.60 71.50 67.87 69.74 71.39 72.94 87.09 85.70 87.15 280 61.44 60.24 59.49 63.01 67.87 70.96 69.89 66.60 76.41 85.74 83.25 90.50 290 62.05 57.77 56.70 61.38 66.54 69.39 80.31 67.11 72.04 89.04 83.88 86.13 300 71.56 59.61 58.63 62.78 67.00 74.62 73.92 71.31 71.39 85.87 86.51 87.20 310 67.88 58.02 61.38 63.03 66.98 80.55 66.79 77.33 71.93 81.67 83.80 89.43 320 59.32 57.50 61.83 70.27 66.62 76.14 69.15 70.88 71.40 84.72 87.85 87.24 330 60.70 61.43 58.08 67.73 69.81 77.25 67.52 70.89 69.01 83.33 85.08 90.30 340 60.18 59.33 59.52 60.15 70.74 69.64 68.13 69.33 72.73 86.08 81.91 88.64 350 60.29 60.33 61.27 62.17 65.27 68.81 67.22 71.78 79.76 82.14 82.74 87.22 360 61.57 62.42 62.71 64.58 63.83 72.65 71.14 73.27 85.33 78.79 81.20 94.62 370 64.69 59.72 60.45 69.28 69.05 66.66 76.50 72.25 82.87 79.28 86.50 87.47 380 64.05 58.87 62.19 66.81 66.63 68.20 76.37 75.61 84.79 80.33 83.96 88.69 390 63.30 60.92 64.77 62.14 68.80 69.53 71.85 78.36 75.72 83.39 81.44 85.02 400 62.70 60.90 66.55 66.69 65.68 65.33 76.82 75.17 75.43 79.11 79.66 84.36 410 64.69 64.10 75.62 66.08 70.11 67.44 76.03 75.08 78.36 79.34 85.78 85.13 420 65.54 66.13 66.03 69.52 69.36 77.15 77.47 75.81 78.11 82.44 81.09 84.27 430 66.11 62.67 63.89 64.20 69.23 70.00 75.82 74.83 80.52 78.83 81.00 86.10 440 66.53 64.60 70.95 64.63 72.28 68.68 71.55 75.71 78.62 78.53 81.29 86.11 450 65.17 63.04 73.38 64.82 69.72 68.63 75.01 78.22 81.39 82.26 82.81 85.33 460 65.78 62.01 65.10 68.51 70.85 69.13 81.74 73.97 82.62 82.94 86.11 91.38 470 65.20 65.18 65.37 69.22 73.49 68.46 73.41 73.67 78.50 78.05 82.74 90.41 480 66.23 64.86 75.79 64.24 75.06 71.60 74.04 71.77 76.93 76.23 83.29 88.60 490 65.07 64.80 72.31 66.56 81.27 74.08 73.26 69.71 79.07 78.33 83.65 88.42 500 68.20 66.70 67.83 66.27 75.24 74.98 70.69 73.23 78.29 78.54 83.74 86.63 510 68.19 65.48 72.56 72.82 71.53 74.20 72.73 75.13 81.16 78.98 84.91 89.51 520 68.18 66.04 69.22 71.77 70.18 73.75 74.04 74.30 83.62 78.32 82.17 89.90 530 70.08 68.28 75.64 69.24 70.26 78.76 73.93 76.87 87.53 79.17 81.63 86.33 540 68.49 69.89 71.91 69.40 71.94 89.70 74.62 77.93 85.83 80.34 81.27 87.46 ![]()
图 5 辅助运输大巷不同频率无线传输衰减曲线Figure 5. Curves of wireless transmission attenuation at different frequencies in auxiliary transportation roadway为便于分析辅助运输大巷不同频率无线传输衰减，对辅助运输大巷540 m内无线传输衰减数据取平均，得到辅助运输大巷540 m内不同频率无线传输平均衰减，见表2，并绘制成曲线，如图6所示。
从表2和图6可看出，在700 MHz～6 GHz频段内，辅助运输大巷无线传输衰减总体上呈现出随频率增大而增大的趋势；在700～910 MHz频段内，辅助运输大巷无线传输平均衰减最小值为58.17 dB（对应700 MHz）、最大值为58.97 dB（对应910 MHz），相差仅为0.8 dB，可见该频段的无线传输平均衰减最小。因此，辅助运输大巷无线传输的最佳工作频段应为700～910 MHz。
表 2 辅助运输大巷540 m内不同频率无线传输平均衰减Table 2. Average wireless transmission attenuation at different frequencies within 540 m of auxiliary transportation roadway频率/MHz 700 910 1 200 1 500 1 770 1 950 平均衰减/dB 58.17 58.97 61.58 63.15 66.44 68.21 频率/MHz 2 400 2 595 3 550 4 800 5 400 6 000 平均衰减/dB 71.27 71.30 75.49 78.85 79.52 82.92 ![]()
图 6 辅助运输大巷540 m内不同频率无线传输平均衰减曲线Figure 6. Curves of average of wireless transmission attenuation at different frequencies within 540 m of auxiliary transportation roadway3. 综采工作面测试结果分析及最佳无线传输工作频段
发射天线固定在2个液压支架的立柱中间，与左侧液压支架立柱底部的距离为1.3 m，与右侧煤壁的距离为2.7 m，发射天线距综采工作面底部为1.6 m，发射功率设定为+18 dBm。接收天线与发射天线水平对齐，与左侧液压支架立柱底部的距离为1.3 m，与右侧煤壁的距离为2.7 m，接收天线距综采工作面底板1.6 m。不断增加接收天线与发射天线之间的轴向距离，频谱分析仪实时测量接收功率，直到收发天线相距210 m。由于接收功率测量值受射频馈线损耗、天线增益、发射功率和接收灵敏度等影响，所以需要对接收功率测量值进行校准。为减少多径效应的影响，对收发天线每间隔10 m的无线传输衰减数据取1次平均值，得到综采工作面不同频率无线传输衰减，见表3，并绘制成曲线，如图7所示。
表 3 综采工作面不同频率无线传输衰减Table 3. Wireless transmission attenuation at different frequencies in fully mechanized working face收发天线
距离/m综采工作面不同频率无线传输衰减/dB 700 MHz 910 MHz 1 200 MHz 1 500 MHz 1 770 MHz 1 950 MHz 2 400 MHz 2 595 MHz 3 550 MHz 4 800 MHz 5 400 MHz 6 000 MHz 10 37.28 44.89 47.28 42.56 47.24 49.04 49.57 50.79 48.66 55.57 53.48 56.22 20 47.35 48.46 53.31 45.56 56.58 58.11 59.52 60.69 60.37 66.21 67.12 68.37 30 54.61 54.37 58.08 53.87 63.16 63.19 63.56 66.75 65.67 71.55 72.20 73.17 40 57.07 55.67 57.14 58.39 63.53 65.69 67.82 69.61 66.44 76.26 73.96 74.75 50 60.22 67.70 59.56 60.97 63.11 64.06 69.02 72.69 73.09 74.18 75.16 74.47 60 57.78 63.81 66.07 62.42 66.26 65.89 68.94 71.24 71.01 77.53 80.29 76.80 70 58.97 65.07 71.25 62.32 69.03 67.88 68.20 71.83 75.05 77.93 79.75 81.78 80 60.35 67.24 65.34 66.66 73.84 71.89 71.77 75.06 77.77 81.92 80.69 78.71 90 64.09 71.46 65.83 68.53 79.65 78.36 71.21 73.14 79.38 82.60 84.26 79.68 100 67.44 72.24 69.06 69.98 83.71 77.14 72.37 78.76 72.38 81.50 80.18 82.70 110 67.18 72.67 71.11 71.02 83.38 79.04 77.11 79.84 75.69 82.50 87.49 80.34 120 70.06 74.52 71.10 71.87 77.86 77.96 83.29 79.30 78.33 85.64 85.15 82.81 130 75.51 79.26 72.31 72.51 77.67 77.70 80.38 78.57 78.24 85.62 85.93 87.73 140 77.73 78.44 75.59 71.04 77.15 78.16 79.19 83.35 77.13 86.46 82.25 88.08 150 80.37 83.97 77.06 71.28 79.41 79.43 84.80 88.13 76.39 89.30 82.54 89.50 160 84.50 82.08 78.29 71.66 80.11 78.94 85.73 86.72 85.49 85.19 83.71 81.58 170 84.14 83.57 79.23 75.92 81.47 82.32 86.84 94.32 85.07 85.04 88.22 82.46 180 85.18 89.90 79.38 76.56 81.53 83.01 84.37 91.90 90.32 87.12 87.93 85.31 190 86.48 92.02 81.28 77.00 81.46 82.02 87.68 89.28 87.54 86.85 88.25 87.99 200 86.59 89.24 83.58 78.88 80.15 80.96 89.91 87.40 87.87 85.63 90.78 89.87 210 89.08 88.19 81.24 81.49 79.18 80.31 85.37 92.91 90.56 92.22 87.20 91.96 ![]()
图 7 综采工作面不同频率无线传输衰减曲线Figure 7. Curves of wireless transmission attenuation at different frequencies in fully mechanized working face为便于分析综采工作面不同频率无线传输衰减，对综采工作面210 m内的无线传输衰减数据取平均，得到综采工作面210 m内不同频率无线传输平均衰减，见表4，并绘制成曲线，如图8所示。
表 4 综采工作面210 m内不同频率无线传输平均衰减Table 4. Average wireless transmission attenuation at different frequencies within 210 m of fully mechanized working face频率/MHz 700 910 1 200 1 500 1 770 1 950 平均衰减/dB 69.86 72.28 69.98 67.28 73.67 73.19 频率/MHz 2 400 2 595 3 550 4 800 5 400 6 000 平均衰减/dB 76.08 77.79 76.84 80.56 80.65 81.02 ![]()
图 8 综采工作面210 m内不同频率无线传输平均衰减曲线Figure 8. Curves of average wireless transmission attenuation at different frequencies within 210 m of fully mechanized working face从表4和图8可看出，在700 MHz～6 GHz频段内，随着频率增大，综采工作面无线传输平均衰减大体上呈现出先增大后减小再增大的趋势。综采工作面一侧为金属液压支架，液压支架后面为采空区，综采工作面另一侧为煤壁，中间是采煤机和刮板输送机等大型机电设备，无线传输多径效应十分严重。因此，应选择平均衰减最小值对应频点附近的频率范围作为综采工作面无线传输的最佳工作频段。在700 MHz～6 GHz频段内，综采工作面无线传输平均衰减最小值为67.28 dB（对应1 500 MHz），700 MHz的无线传输平均衰减与其相近，为69.86 dB，相差仅为2.58 dB；在700～1 500 MHz频段内，综采工作面无线传输平均衰减最大值为72.28 dB（对应910 MHz）；在1 500～1 770 MHz频段内，综采工作面无线传输平均衰减随频率增大而增大，在1 500～1 770 MHz频段内取与无线传输平均衰减为72.28 dB对应的频点（1 710 MHz）作为最佳工作频段的上限。因此，综采工作面无线传输的最佳工作频段应为700～1 710 MHz。
4. 辅助运输大巷与综采工作面无线传输衰减对比分析及矿井最佳无线传输工作频段
为便于对比分析辅助运输大巷和综采工作面不同频率无线传输衰减，将辅助运输大巷和综采工作面210 m内的无线传输衰减数据分别取平均。辅助运输大巷和综采工作面210 m内不同频率无线传输平均衰减和衰减差值见表5，并绘制成曲线，如图9所示。
表 5 辅助运输大巷和综采工作面210 m内不同频率无线传输平均衰减和衰减差值Table 5. Average attenuation and attenuation difference of wireless transmission at different frequencies within 210 m of auxiliary transportation roadway and fully mechanized working faces位置 不同频率无线传输平均衰减/dB 700 MHz 910 MHz 1 200 MHz 1 500 MHz 1 770 MHz 1 950 MHz 2 400 MHz 2 595 MHz 3 550 MHz 4 800 MHz 5 400 MHz 6 000 MHz 辅助运输大巷210 m内 49.82 54.05 56.91 58.84 62.61 63.99 69.04 68.45 71.67 73.92 74.33 76.63 综采工作面210 m内 69.86 72.28 69.98 67.28 73.67 73.19 76.08 77.79 76.84 80.56 80.65 81.02 衰减差值/dB 19.32 18.55 12.76 8.33 10.99 9.40 6.51 9.75 4.63 6.88 6.46 4.05 ![]()
图 9 辅助运输大巷和综采工作面210 m内不同频率无线传输平均衰减和衰减差值曲线Figure 9. Curves of average attenuation and attenuation difference of wireless transmission at different frequencies within 210 m of auxiliary transportation roadway and fully mechanized working faces从表5和图9可看出，在700 MHz～6 GHz频段内，辅助运输大巷210 m内平均衰减均比综采工作面210 m内平均衰减小，即辅助运输大巷无线传输衰减比综采工作面无线传输衰减小；随着频率增大，辅助运输大巷与综采工作面无线传输衰减的差值变小。
通过现场测试和分析可得，综采工作面无线传输衰减大于辅助运输大巷，综采工作面无线传输的最佳工作频段为700～1 710 MHz，辅助运输大巷无线传输的最佳工作频段为700～910 MHz，因此，矿井无线传输的最佳工作频段应为700～1 710 MHz。
5. 结语
在辅助运输大巷和综采工作面分别进行了700 MHz～6 GHz频段的无线传输测试，并对测试结果进行了分析，提出了矿井无线传输优选频段：① 辅助运输大巷无线传输的最佳工作频段为700～910 MHz。② 综采工作面无线传输多径效应严重，无线传输的最佳工作频段为700～1 710 MHz。③ 辅助运输大巷无线传输衰减比综采工作面无线传输衰减小，且随着频率增大，辅助运输大巷与综采工作面无线传输衰减的差值变小。④ 矿井无线传输的最佳工作频段为700～1 710 MHz。
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图 3 辅助运输大巷设备安装现场
Figure 3. Equipment installation site in auxiliary transportation roadway
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图 4 综采工作面设备安装现场
Figure 4. Equipment installation site in fully mechanized working face
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图 5 辅助运输大巷不同频率无线传输衰减曲线
Figure 5. Curves of wireless transmission attenuation at different frequencies in auxiliary transportation roadway
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图 6 辅助运输大巷540 m内不同频率无线传输平均衰减曲线
Figure 6. Curves of average of wireless transmission attenuation at different frequencies within 540 m of auxiliary transportation roadway
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图 7 综采工作面不同频率无线传输衰减曲线
Figure 7. Curves of wireless transmission attenuation at different frequencies in fully mechanized working face
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图 8 综采工作面210 m内不同频率无线传输平均衰减曲线
Figure 8. Curves of average wireless transmission attenuation at different frequencies within 210 m of fully mechanized working face
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图 9 辅助运输大巷和综采工作面210 m内不同频率无线传输平均衰减和衰减差值曲线
Figure 9. Curves of average attenuation and attenuation difference of wireless transmission at different frequencies within 210 m of auxiliary transportation roadway and fully mechanized working faces
表 1 辅助运输大巷不同频率无线传输衰减
Table 1 Wireless transmission attenuation at different frequencies in auxiliary transportation roadway
收发天线
距离/m辅助运输大巷不同频率无线传输衰减/dB 700 MHz 910 MHz 1 200 MHz 1 500 MHz 1 770 MHz 1 950 MHz 2 400 MHz 2 595 MHz 3 550 MHz 4 800 MHz 5 400 MHz 6 000 MHz 10 33.92 45.69 47.40 42.48 46.87 46.34 47.73 49.87 50.80 54.87 53.82 47.93 20 42.18 48.39 48.56 50.59 51.82 53.64 57.99 56.98 60.45 62.25 64.49 63.68 30 46.47 50.10 55.75 53.88 57.22 56.65 58.63 60.27 64.84 66.22 69.81 70.51 40 45.56 47.09 55.94 58.66 62.92 59.79 62.20 63.90 66.38 67.95 69.55 73.23 50 53.01 51.07 49.92 57.53 63.06 62.35 62.99 65.76 68.06 71.26 71.73 72.49 60 47.33 59.77 56.42 51.60 61.10 65.01 73.17 68.45 71.76 70.71 77.15 74.04 70 47.11 53.95 62.91 60.84 61.21 61.54 77.70 65.35 69.32 71.63 74.20 79.21 80 52.84 49.69 63.74 68.58 61.02 58.12 78.14 65.78 73.56 73.42 74.54 79.41 90 45.89 57.37 59.52 68.32 68.08 68.24 78.61 70.24 73.54 72.97 77.84 78.86 100 54.43 50.76 53.70 62.22 73.55 67.39 76.15 68.96 74.61 73.59 77.76 77.21 110 49.00 50.93 57.57 57.75 69.56 72.10 67.97 69.08 71.53 73.69 71.41 78.54 120 47.45 54.76 56.71 57.18 62.18 71.86 67.80 72.85 67.71 75.95 74.72 81.78 130 51.89 55.60 55.94 58.10 65.03 73.55 67.45 76.58 67.05 81.00 79.80 74.43 140 48.92 54.63 52.88 65.05 67.28 65.85 67.09 72.13 69.62 80.48 82.29 76.70 150 53.04 59.16 58.62 61.35 59.83 66.30 64.64 73.29 73.42 80.97 77.34 77.03 160 51.79 59.32 60.80 57.98 64.46 65.69 64.06 78.61 76.57 81.65 77.66 79.28 170 51.52 53.76 60.37 56.92 65.81 62.76 74.90 75.41 78.59 76.47 81.29 86.61 180 57.12 53.88 56.93 59.06 65.48 66.30 75.72 71.71 82.73 77.61 76.08 88.48 190 54.84 58.18 59.32 61.15 65.99 68.72 76.16 71.54 82.45 77.51 74.96 85.60 200 53.30 61.82 60.91 61.90 61.00 66.22 75.27 70.14 81.97 79.41 77.32 84.41 210 58.65 59.22 61.23 64.50 61.25 65.26 75.56 70.61 80.15 82.66 77.12 79.78 220 58.48 59.73 60.88 63.48 60.13 61.79 72.90 69.02 80.89 85.51 74.57 79.05 230 54.39 60.78 61.46 61.85 61.23 61.97 70.04 72.30 77.10 86.29 76.45 84.00 240 55.82 61.51 56.38 63.94 63.64 63.81 65.51 70.89 72.09 88.07 77.90 77.40 250 58.67 57.58 55.88 64.35 64.61 64.43 69.16 70.37 74.81 85.10 84.97 78.59 260 55.86 56.47 56.84 68.10 66.38 63.64 71.28 72.50 74.10 81.71 84.17 89.82 270 58.37 62.56 59.69 65.60 71.50 67.87 69.74 71.39 72.94 87.09 85.70 87.15 280 61.44 60.24 59.49 63.01 67.87 70.96 69.89 66.60 76.41 85.74 83.25 90.50 290 62.05 57.77 56.70 61.38 66.54 69.39 80.31 67.11 72.04 89.04 83.88 86.13 300 71.56 59.61 58.63 62.78 67.00 74.62 73.92 71.31 71.39 85.87 86.51 87.20 310 67.88 58.02 61.38 63.03 66.98 80.55 66.79 77.33 71.93 81.67 83.80 89.43 320 59.32 57.50 61.83 70.27 66.62 76.14 69.15 70.88 71.40 84.72 87.85 87.24 330 60.70 61.43 58.08 67.73 69.81 77.25 67.52 70.89 69.01 83.33 85.08 90.30 340 60.18 59.33 59.52 60.15 70.74 69.64 68.13 69.33 72.73 86.08 81.91 88.64 350 60.29 60.33 61.27 62.17 65.27 68.81 67.22 71.78 79.76 82.14 82.74 87.22 360 61.57 62.42 62.71 64.58 63.83 72.65 71.14 73.27 85.33 78.79 81.20 94.62 370 64.69 59.72 60.45 69.28 69.05 66.66 76.50 72.25 82.87 79.28 86.50 87.47 380 64.05 58.87 62.19 66.81 66.63 68.20 76.37 75.61 84.79 80.33 83.96 88.69 390 63.30 60.92 64.77 62.14 68.80 69.53 71.85 78.36 75.72 83.39 81.44 85.02 400 62.70 60.90 66.55 66.69 65.68 65.33 76.82 75.17 75.43 79.11 79.66 84.36 410 64.69 64.10 75.62 66.08 70.11 67.44 76.03 75.08 78.36 79.34 85.78 85.13 420 65.54 66.13 66.03 69.52 69.36 77.15 77.47 75.81 78.11 82.44 81.09 84.27 430 66.11 62.67 63.89 64.20 69.23 70.00 75.82 74.83 80.52 78.83 81.00 86.10 440 66.53 64.60 70.95 64.63 72.28 68.68 71.55 75.71 78.62 78.53 81.29 86.11 450 65.17 63.04 73.38 64.82 69.72 68.63 75.01 78.22 81.39 82.26 82.81 85.33 460 65.78 62.01 65.10 68.51 70.85 69.13 81.74 73.97 82.62 82.94 86.11 91.38 470 65.20 65.18 65.37 69.22 73.49 68.46 73.41 73.67 78.50 78.05 82.74 90.41 480 66.23 64.86 75.79 64.24 75.06 71.60 74.04 71.77 76.93 76.23 83.29 88.60 490 65.07 64.80 72.31 66.56 81.27 74.08 73.26 69.71 79.07 78.33 83.65 88.42 500 68.20 66.70 67.83 66.27 75.24 74.98 70.69 73.23 78.29 78.54 83.74 86.63 510 68.19 65.48 72.56 72.82 71.53 74.20 72.73 75.13 81.16 78.98 84.91 89.51 520 68.18 66.04 69.22 71.77 70.18 73.75 74.04 74.30 83.62 78.32 82.17 89.90 530 70.08 68.28 75.64 69.24 70.26 78.76 73.93 76.87 87.53 79.17 81.63 86.33 540 68.49 69.89 71.91 69.40 71.94 89.70 74.62 77.93 85.83 80.34 81.27 87.46 
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表 2 辅助运输大巷540 m内不同频率无线传输平均衰减
Table 2 Average wireless transmission attenuation at different frequencies within 540 m of auxiliary transportation roadway
频率/MHz 700 910 1 200 1 500 1 770 1 950 平均衰减/dB 58.17 58.97 61.58 63.15 66.44 68.21 频率/MHz 2 400 2 595 3 550 4 800 5 400 6 000 平均衰减/dB 71.27 71.30 75.49 78.85 79.52 82.92
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表 3 综采工作面不同频率无线传输衰减
Table 3 Wireless transmission attenuation at different frequencies in fully mechanized working face
收发天线
距离/m综采工作面不同频率无线传输衰减/dB 700 MHz 910 MHz 1 200 MHz 1 500 MHz 1 770 MHz 1 950 MHz 2 400 MHz 2 595 MHz 3 550 MHz 4 800 MHz 5 400 MHz 6 000 MHz 10 37.28 44.89 47.28 42.56 47.24 49.04 49.57 50.79 48.66 55.57 53.48 56.22 20 47.35 48.46 53.31 45.56 56.58 58.11 59.52 60.69 60.37 66.21 67.12 68.37 30 54.61 54.37 58.08 53.87 63.16 63.19 63.56 66.75 65.67 71.55 72.20 73.17 40 57.07 55.67 57.14 58.39 63.53 65.69 67.82 69.61 66.44 76.26 73.96 74.75 50 60.22 67.70 59.56 60.97 63.11 64.06 69.02 72.69 73.09 74.18 75.16 74.47 60 57.78 63.81 66.07 62.42 66.26 65.89 68.94 71.24 71.01 77.53 80.29 76.80 70 58.97 65.07 71.25 62.32 69.03 67.88 68.20 71.83 75.05 77.93 79.75 81.78 80 60.35 67.24 65.34 66.66 73.84 71.89 71.77 75.06 77.77 81.92 80.69 78.71 90 64.09 71.46 65.83 68.53 79.65 78.36 71.21 73.14 79.38 82.60 84.26 79.68 100 67.44 72.24 69.06 69.98 83.71 77.14 72.37 78.76 72.38 81.50 80.18 82.70 110 67.18 72.67 71.11 71.02 83.38 79.04 77.11 79.84 75.69 82.50 87.49 80.34 120 70.06 74.52 71.10 71.87 77.86 77.96 83.29 79.30 78.33 85.64 85.15 82.81 130 75.51 79.26 72.31 72.51 77.67 77.70 80.38 78.57 78.24 85.62 85.93 87.73 140 77.73 78.44 75.59 71.04 77.15 78.16 79.19 83.35 77.13 86.46 82.25 88.08 150 80.37 83.97 77.06 71.28 79.41 79.43 84.80 88.13 76.39 89.30 82.54 89.50 160 84.50 82.08 78.29 71.66 80.11 78.94 85.73 86.72 85.49 85.19 83.71 81.58 170 84.14 83.57 79.23 75.92 81.47 82.32 86.84 94.32 85.07 85.04 88.22 82.46 180 85.18 89.90 79.38 76.56 81.53 83.01 84.37 91.90 90.32 87.12 87.93 85.31 190 86.48 92.02 81.28 77.00 81.46 82.02 87.68 89.28 87.54 86.85 88.25 87.99 200 86.59 89.24 83.58 78.88 80.15 80.96 89.91 87.40 87.87 85.63 90.78 89.87 210 89.08 88.19 81.24 81.49 79.18 80.31 85.37 92.91 90.56 92.22 87.20 91.96
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表 4 综采工作面210 m内不同频率无线传输平均衰减
Table 4 Average wireless transmission attenuation at different frequencies within 210 m of fully mechanized working face
频率/MHz 700 910 1 200 1 500 1 770 1 950 平均衰减/dB 69.86 72.28 69.98 67.28 73.67 73.19 频率/MHz 2 400 2 595 3 550 4 800 5 400 6 000 平均衰减/dB 76.08 77.79 76.84 80.56 80.65 81.02
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表 5 辅助运输大巷和综采工作面210 m内不同频率无线传输平均衰减和衰减差值
Table 5 Average attenuation and attenuation difference of wireless transmission at different frequencies within 210 m of auxiliary transportation roadway and fully mechanized working faces
位置 不同频率无线传输平均衰减/dB 700 MHz 910 MHz 1 200 MHz 1 500 MHz 1 770 MHz 1 950 MHz 2 400 MHz 2 595 MHz 3 550 MHz 4 800 MHz 5 400 MHz 6 000 MHz 辅助运输大巷210 m内 49.82 54.05 56.91 58.84 62.61 63.99 69.04 68.45 71.67 73.92 74.33 76.63 综采工作面210 m内 69.86 72.28 69.98 67.28 73.67 73.19 76.08 77.79 76.84 80.56 80.65 81.02 衰减差值/dB 19.32 18.55 12.76 8.33 10.99 9.40 6.51 9.75 4.63 6.88 6.46 4.05
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[18] 孙继平,张高敏. 基于混合射线追踪的矿井电磁波分析方法[J]. 煤炭学报,2022,47(7):2834-2843. DOI: 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2021.1920 SUN Jiping,ZHANG Gaomin. Mine electromagnetic wave analysis method based on mixed raytracing[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2022,47(7):2834-2843. DOI: 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2021.1920
[19] 张高敏,刘毅,彭铭. UWR-FDTD矿井电磁波数值分析方法[J]. 煤炭学报,2022,47(11):4157-4166. DOI: 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2022.0823 ZHANG Gaomin,LIU Yi,PENG Ming. Numerical analysis method of the electromagnetic fields in coal mine roadway using UWR-FDTD[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2022,47(11):4157-4166. DOI: 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2022.0823
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[21] 孙继平, 张高敏. 矿用5G频段选择及天线优化设置研究[J]. 工矿自动化, 2020, 46（5）: 1-7. SUN Jiping, ZHANG Gaomin. Research on 5G frequency band selection and antenna optimization setting in coal mine[J]. Industry and Mine Automation. 2020, 46（5）: 1-7.
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