Abstract: To address issues with traditional ventilation dust control methods—such as difficulty maintaining a stable barrier space,low dust removal efficiency,and large dust dispersion areas due to the movement of roadheaders,support operations, and disturbances in the main airflow—a full-section air curtain dust removal device has been proposed to improve dust control efficiency. Using the 2201 auxiliary transport heading in a northern Shaanxi mine as the engineering background, a numerical simulation method was employed to compare and analyze dust distribution and removal efficiency under three models: traditional positive pressure ventilation, single air curtain dust control, and full-section air curtain dust removal. Based on multi-factor, multi-level experiments, the effects of key parameters such as negative pressure duct diameter, air curtain position, air curtain jet velocity, distance of the positive pressure duct from the heading, and pressure-to-suction ratio on dust removal efficiency were analyzed. Using range analysis combined with the influence degree of factors on the driver’s position and breathing zone, the optimal dust removal scheme was determined. Results showed that the full-section air curtain could form a continuous aerodynamic barrier with three-sided surrounding jets, limiting high-concentration dust to the heading control area and directing it toward the negative pressure exhaust outlet; the factors affecting dust concentration in the breathing zone were in order: air curtain jet velocity, air curtain position, pressure-to-suction ratio, negative pressure duct diameter, and distance of the positive pressure duct from the heading. The optimal parameter combination was a negative pressure duct diameter of 1.2 m, air curtain positioned 5 m from the heading, air curtain jet velocity of 12 m/s, positive pressure duct 11 m from the heading, and a pressure-to-suction ratio of 1:1.1.Under this best configuration, the average dust concentration in the working area outside the air curtain dropped from 553.44 mg/m3 to 90.11 mg/m3, with an average dust removal efficiency of 83.72%. This scheme provides quantifiable parameter guidance for the field implementation of full-section air curtain dust removal technology.