Abstract: For problem that manual monitoring mode of mine hydrological long observation hole is inefficient, the paper proposed a design scheme of wireless telemetry substation based on PIC microcontroller. The wireless telemetry substation takes dsPIC33FJ64GP204 microcontroller as control core and uses GSM technology to achieve communication function, which can collect real time data of each hydrological long observation hole and send it to central station on the ground by short message. The practical application results show that the wireless telemetry substation can provide data information of each hydrological long observation hole and effectively reduce daily maintenance workloads.