Abstract: The health monitoring technology of belt conveyor, the key equipment of coal mine underground transportation, is the core technical support to ensure the stable and efficient operation of coal mine transportation system, realize real-time monitoring and early warning of potential safety hazards and ensure the high-quality development of coal industry. Firstly, focusing on the key components of rotating machinery, such as drum, idler and bearing, etc. of belt conveyor in coal mine, the typical faults and corresponding fault monitoring methods of each component during operation are expounded respectively, and the research progress of fault diagnosis based on vibration and sound signal monitoring is compared and combed from three aspects: signal preprocessing method, characteristic extraction method and fault identification method. Then, the main challenges in the field of health monitoring and fault diagnosis of existing underground belt conveyors in coal mines are summarized. Finally, the potential direction of research and application of fault diagnosis technology of belt conveyor in coal mine in the future is prospected.