Abstract: The paper analyzed time, type, place and causes of “1?5” vital electrical fire accident in particular of Lisheng Coal Mine, and considered that the fire accident happened in the No.3 blind shaft of the central shaft at 2010-01-05T12:05. It got causes of the accident: an old non-fire resistant cable fired because of short current; main ventilator had not run before the accident; there were incomplete ventilating equipments as well as wrongful series ventilation, no independent ventilation system, no water supply system in the central shaft and no escaping passages under -240 m mining level; underground miners had not carried self-rescuers. Finally, it proposed following preventive measures of the kind of fire accident: (1) Do not use non-fire resistant cable and old cable. (2) Do not use electrical switches and equipments prohibited by explicit order, and protection devices for leakage, over-current and grounding must be set, tuned and calibrated in mine power supply system according to corresponding rules and standards. (3) There must be no less than 2 safe walking passages leading to the ground in tunnels and working areas besides driving working faces and temporary areas, and no less than 2 walking exits connecting to the ones leading to the ground between a mining level and an upper mining level or each district. (4) There must be mine safety sign on mine hoisting equipments. (5) Main ventilator of mine cannot stop, there must be independent ventilating system in mine, and ventilating equipments must be set according to Coal Mine Safety Regulations. (6) There must be water supply system underground. (7) Workers underground must carry oxygen self-rescuer.