Abstract: A design scheme of wireless temperature acquisition and control system based on nRF24L01 was introduced and the architecture of the system and its hardware and software design were expounded. The system has strong anti-interference ability and high reliability by use of low-power microcontroller ATmega16 and 2.4 GHz radio frequency chip nRF24L01 in hardware design and high real-time performance and low power consumption by use of method of time slice round-robin in software design to realize multi-task scheduling. The test result showed that the system has easy control, high accuracy and wide temperature range, which can reliably realize acquisition of temperature and transmission of wireless data.