Abstract: To investigate the dynamic response characteristics and failure mechanisms of surrounding rock in irregular roadways within inclined coal seams, the irregular roadway of the 21194 working face in the Sichuan Dabao-ding Coal Mine was taken as the engineering background. A combined approach of numerical simulation and theoretical analysis was adopted to study the influencing factors of roof failure and instability under dynamic disturbances. The propagation characteristics of acceleration waves and the dynamic response behavior of surrounding rock in irregular roadways were analyzed. Furthermore, the support system was optimized and its effectiveness was verified through field monitoring. The results indicate that, during inclined coal seam mining, the surrounding rock of irregular roadways is subjected not only to mining-induced disturbances but also to dynamic stress waves generated by roof fracture, resulting in increased roof subsidence and a shift of the subsidence peak toward the lower sidewall. The propagation process of acceleration waves in the roof can be divided into three stages: initial vibration stage, fluctuation stage, and residual stage. During the initial vibration stage, acceleration waves propagate outward toward the roadway. In the fluctuation stage, acceleration waves are transmitted sequentially to the roof, lower sidewall, upper sidewall, and floor, leading to asymmetric vibration of the two sidewalls. The peak acceleration follows the order: roof > lower sidewall > upper sidewall > floor. In the residual stage, the intensity of acceleration waves gradually attenuates. Under these dynamic effects, the failure evolution of the surrounding rock can be divided into three stages: pre-stable stage, unstable stage, and post-stable stage. In the pre-stable stage, the failure zone of the upper sidewall is larger than that of the lower sidewall, exhibiting an asymmetric distribution. In the unstable stage, the failure range of the roof and upper shoulder increases, while the failure pattern of the two sidewalls transitions to a distribution where the lower sidewall exceeds the upper sidewall. Based on the above findings, a multi-level support system consisting of long and short anchor cables, bolts, and shotcrete lining was proposed. Field monitoring results show that, after adopting the optimized support system, the deformation of the roof, floor, upper sidewall, and lower sidewall is reduced by 85.7%, 74.8%, 70.1%, and 72.9%, respectively, indicating that the stability of the surrounding rock in the irregular roadway is significantly improved.