Abstract: In view of problems of inconvenient observations, bigger error and poor data real-time performance existed in monitoring for coal mine roadway roof separation with mechanical device, the paper designed a structure health monitoring system for coal mine roadway roof separation. The system uses optical fiber displacement sensor to measure displacement condition of roadway roof separation automatically, adopts computer control program to monitor strain and displacement of coal mine roadway roof separation, and evaluates security of structure, thus safeguards the health of the structure. The practical application shows that the system has advantages such as real-time observation, small error and high efficiency.