Abstract: For low correctness and efficiency of existing roller fault detection methods of belt conveyor, a roller fault detection method of belt conveyor based on φOTDR technology was proposed. The method uses backward Rayleigh scattering of coherent pulse light to detect vibration signals of roller, so as to identify and locate fault roller. The experimental and test results show the method can realize roller fault detection of belt conveyor with location error of less than 5 m.