基于多通道关联互补特征的煤岩界面预测

Coal-rock interface prediction based on multichannel correlated complementary features

  • 摘要: 煤岩界面轨迹是多变量时序数据,不同变量之间存在复杂的相关性,高精度预测存在难点。针对该问题,提出了一种基于多通道关联互补特征(SSIC−former)的煤岩界面预测模型,该模型融合了集中式注意力机制(CAM)、交互卷积块(ICB)和锐度感知最小化策略(SAM)。使用滑动窗口的办法将原始数据构造成连续样本;构建用于煤岩识别的SSIC−former结构,提取煤岩界面的跨通道关联信息及局部特征,引入可逆实例归一化动态消除数据非平稳性:采用CAM提取多通道间的关联互补特征,通过ICB提取不同尺度的局部特征并实现跨尺度动态交互,二者输出经残差融合强化特征表达;训练阶段结合SAM避免模型陷入局部最优,并通过投影层输出预测结果。实验结果表明:① 采用基于SSIC−former的煤岩界面预测模型进行煤岩界面预测,平均绝对误差为6.37 mm,平均绝对百分比误差为2.79%,均方根误差为8.08 mm,均方误差为0.07 mm,决定系数R2为0.99,单样本平均推理时间为0.006 6 s,在基于Transformer类的模型中推理时间最短,可满足采煤机实时作业的低延迟需求。② 与基于LSTM,Crossformer,Nonstationary_Transformer,FPPformer,iTransformer,PatchTST等的模型相比,基于SSIC−former的模型在上述前5个评价指标上均更优,说明基于SSIC−former的模型预测精度高,泛化能力强,能够在煤岩界面轨迹预测中提供更为准确的结果。

     

    Abstract: The coal-rock interface trajectory is multivariate time-series data, and complex correlations exist among different variables, which makes high-precision prediction challenging. To address this problem, this study proposed a coal-rock interface prediction model based on multichannel correlated complementary features, named SSIC-former, which integrated a Centralized Attention Mechanism (CAM), an Interactive Convolution Block (ICB), and a Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) strategy. First, a sliding window method was used to construct continuous samples from the raw data. Then, an SSIC-former architecture for coal-rock identification was built to extract cross-channel correlation information and local features of the coal-rock interface, and reversible instance normalization was introduced to dynamically eliminate data nonstationarity. The CAM extracted correlated complementary features among multiple channels, while the ICB extracted local features at different scales and enabled dynamic cross-scale interaction, and their outputs were fused through residual connections to enhance feature representation. Finally, during the training stage, the SAM strategy was combined to prevent the model from falling into local optima, and the prediction results were output through a projection layer. Experimental results showed that: ① An SSIC-former-based coal-rock interface prediction model achieved a mean absolute error of 6.37 mm, a mean absolute percentage error of 2.79%, a root mean square error of 8.08 mm, a mean square error of 0.07 mm2, and a coefficient of determination of 0.99, with an average inference time of 0.006 6 s per sample. Among Transformer-based models, it had the shortest inference time and met the low-latency requirements of real-time operation of shearers. ② Compared with models based on LSTM, Crossformer, Nonstationary_Transformer, FPPformer, iTransformer, and PatchTST, the SSIC-former-based model outperformed the other models in the first five evaluation metrics mentioned above, indicating that the SSIC-former-based model had high prediction accuracy and strong generalization ability and provided more accurate results for coal-rock interface trajectory prediction.

     

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