Abstract: The large space formed by the mining of extremely thick coal seams makes the movement process of overlying strata and the manifestation of mine pressure complex, resulting in unclear characteristics of field microseismic responses and surface subsidence evolution patterns. To address these problems, the extremely thick coal seam of the Zhundong No. 2 Mine of CHN Energy Guoyuan Power Co., Ltd. was selected as the research object. Based on field measurements and analyses, the study investigated the characteristics of microseismic responses and the evolution pattern of surface subsidence under the influence of mining activities in extremely thick coal seams, and revealed their correlation with the mining rate. The results showed that: ① under the influence of mining in extremely thick coal seams, the distribution range of microseismic events was wide. The distribution range ahead of the working face for microseismic events of different energy levels reached up to 20 times the mining thickness, the concentrated vertical distribution range above the working face was about 5.5 times the mining thickness, and the concentrated distribution range on both sides of the working face reached 2.8 times the mining thickness. ② Medium-energy microseismic events accounted for the largest proportion among all events, and the microseismic events in different key strata showed a distribution pattern of "low-energy events at lower horizons and high-energy events at higher horizons". ③ The surface subsidence exhibited a "funnel-shaped" distribution along the inclination direction of the working face, with the maximum subsidence being approximately half of the mining thickness. During different mining stages, the maximum subsidence position was always located in the middle region of the working face and showed a "lagging" feature relative to the working face position. ④ The mining rate was strongly correlated with the evolution of microseismic activity and surface subsidence. As the mining rate increased, the distribution range of microseismic events on both sides of the working face gradually decreased, while that above the coal seam expanded. Meanwhile, the energy and frequency of microseismic events, as well as the variation rate of surface displacement, all showed nonlinear increasing trends.