Abstract: A pilot-operated check valve lowering impact test system was designed to address the engineering requirements of hydraulic support pilot-operated check valve impact tests under the high-stress and large-flow conditions of large mining-height longwall faces. The test system consisted of two subsystems: a hydraulic subsystem and a measurement and control subsystem. The core component of the hydraulic subsystem was a two-stage booster cylinder with a stepped structure design, which was able to realize functions such as pressure maintaining, pressurization, and unloading under the liquid supply of a conventional mine emulsion pump. Based on the structures of the loading chamber, high-pressure chamber, and slender orifice, the elastic energy storage effect during the unlocking process of the pilot-operated check valve was reproduced, providing test conditions closer to actual working conditions for impact tests. The measurement and control subsystem was built on virtual instrument technology, which, based on 100 KS/s high-frequency acquisition, accurately captured the pressure changes during the test process. Through host computer software, remote control of the hydraulic system as well as data processing and analysis were achieved, ensuring the safety and automation of the test process. Taking an FDY1600/50 type pilot-operated check valve specimen as the tested valve, the results showed that the test system reflected the characteristics of intense impact, rapid pressure relief, and stable flow unloading during the impact test of the pilot-operated check valve, which were consistent with the actual working condition test results. The system is able to reproduce the impact effect when the pilot-operated check valve performs a lowering action on the working face, providing intuitive data support for evaluating the performance of the tested valve.