Abstract: The complex geological conditions of deep outburst-prone coal mines pose severe challenges to the stability and efficiency of gas extraction via surface wells. Currently, fixed negative pressure extraction is commonly used to extract gas from goaf areas through surface wells. During the retreat of the working face, the "three zones" in the goaf area undergo dynamic evolution, resulting in a significant decline in extraction efficiency in the later stages of extraction. Taking the 12100 coal mining face of Shoushan No.1 Mine of Henan Pingbao Coal Industry Co., Ltd. as the engineering background, an efficient gas extraction technology via surface wells in goaf areas of deep outburst-prone coal mines was proposed. Regarding the impact of mining-induced strata movement on the well structure, a three-stage directional well structure was adopted, optimizing the three-stage drill sections to match the casing, enhancing the well’s resistance to strata shear damage, and ensuring the stability of surface wells under complex geological conditions. Combining the "O"-shaped fracture distribution theory, numerical simulation of gas seepage distribution, and the calculation of the "three zones" distribution theory, surface wells were arranged 20 m away from the high-extraction roadway, with the well end located within a 30 m fracture zone above the roof of the working face, ensuring high efficiency of gas extraction. The gas extraction system of the surface wells achieved stable, efficient, and safe gas extraction through subsidence-resistant overhead pipelines, explosion-proof and backfire prevention measures, and regulation and monitoring of extraction operations. Based on different distances of the working face advancing past the surface wells, the negative extraction pressure was dynamically adjusted to maximize extraction efficiency. Field application results showed that after 10 days of surface well extraction, the gas volume fraction increased from 48% to 100%, with a daily extraction volume exceeding 10 000 m³. The stable extraction stage lasted for 120 days, and the cumulative extraction volume over 260 days exceeded 2.35 million m³. Surface well extraction did not interfere with the normal operation of the high-extraction roadway. The gas volume fraction at the upper corner of the working face decreased from 0.50% to 0.41%, a reduction of 18%, indicating that surface well gas extraction effectively alleviated gas accumulation in the upper corner of the working face.