整合改进YOLOv8与三角网的露天矿山采场指标提取方法

Integrated and improved YOLOv8 and triangulated network method for extracting indicators in open-pit mine mining areas

  • 摘要: 基于深度学习的露天矿山遥感影像研究为露天矿山采场的快速识别与提取提供了方向,但在露天矿山的实际应用仍局限于识别阶段,存在露天矿山边界提取不准确、模型训练时样本分布不平衡等问题。针对上述问题,提出了一种整合改进YOLOv8与三角网的露天矿山采场指标提取方法。在YOLOv8的基础上进行以下改进,得到Mine−YOLO:添加高效多尺度注意力(EMA)模块,以提高模型对矿山采场边界细节的识别与分割精度;添加全局注意力机制(GAM)模块,从全局尺度保留露天矿山采场特征数据,提高采场目标识别精度;采用Focaler−IoU损失函数优化,增强模型对正样本的区分能力。根据无人机获取的露天矿山数字高程模型(DEM)数据,结合Mine−YOLO模型进行识别与分割处理,获取露天矿山采场区域DEM影像,并自动建立不规则三角网,实现对露天矿山采场面积、体积和采深的精确定量监测。实验结果表明,Mine−YOLO模型在采场识别与分割方面的平均精度均值分别达0.942和0.865,具有较高的识别精度和较好的分割效果。实际应用结果表明,基于Mine−YOLO模型提取的采场数据与传统测量值相差不大,平均面积误差为5.8%,平均体积误差为4.9%,最小采深误差仅为0.2%。

     

    Abstract: The research on remote sensing imagery of open-pit mines based on deep learning has provided a direction for the rapid identification and extraction of open-pit mining areas. However, its practical application in open-pit mining is still limited to the recognition stage, with issues such as inaccurate boundary extraction and unbalanced sample distribution during model training. To address these issues, an improved method for extracting mining field indicators by integrating YOLOv8 with a triangulated network was proposed. Based on YOLOv8, the following improvements were made to obtain Mine-YOLO: the addition of an Efficient Multi-Scale Attention (EMA) module to enhance the model's recognition and segmentation accuracy of mining field boundaries; the inclusion of a Global Attention Mechanism (GAM) module to retain open-pit mining field feature data at a global scale, improving target recognition accuracy; and the optimization of the Focaler-IoU loss function to enhance the model's ability to distinguish positive samples. By utilizing digital elevation model (DEM) data of the open-pit mine obtained by UAVs and combining it with the Mine-YOLO model for recognition and segmentation, DEM images of the mining area were obtained, and a triangulated irregular network was automatically generated. This enabled precise quantitative monitoring of the mining field's area, volume, and depth. Experimental results showed that the Mine-YOLO model achieved average accuracies of 0.942 for recognition and 0.865 for segmentation, demonstrating high recognition accuracy and good segmentation results. Practical application results showed that the mining field data extracted using the Mine-YOLO model were similar to traditional measurement values, with an average area error of 5.8%, an average volume error of 4.9%, and a minimum depth error of only 0.2%.

     

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