Abstract: The dual-arm cutting robot addresses the low efficiency of traditional single-arm roadheaders when cutting large cross-sections. However, its dynamic interaction with coal-rock affects control performance. In current studies, both arms of the dual-arm cutting robot interact with the same object, forming a closed kinematic chain, which fails to meet the control requirements for independent arm movement and the output force of each cutting head. To solve this issue, a force-position hybrid control system based on the robot’s relative dynamics model was designed. The kinematic and dynamics models of the dual-arm cutting robot were established, with the relative dynamics model derived using the robot’s relative Jacobian matrix and principles of virtual displacement and virtual work. This model used a single variable to describe the motion states of both arms, integrating their independent dynamics models into a unified one. Based on this relative dynamics model, a force-position hybrid control system was developed for the robot’s dual arms, with system stability and feasibility verified via the Lyapunov function. Simulation results indicated that the dual-arm cutting process had a larger workspace compared to single-arm cutting, allowing for efficient large cross-section cutting. The force-position hybrid control system enabled synchronized tracking of expected relative position and force, with the absolute error in tracking the target cutter position kept within 0.3132 m and a root mean square error of 0.1447 m.