The influence of hard roof cutting and pressure relief technology on the deformation law of surrounding rock in roadways
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摘要: 针对特厚煤层坚硬顶板、宽煤柱条件下临空巷道面临的高围岩应力、大变形等问题，以老石旦煤矿16403综放工作面为工程研究背景，从宽煤柱顶板侧向破断结构角度对临空巷道大变形的影响因素进行了理论分析，采用数值模拟方法研究了对16402运输巷实施不同切顶卸压方案时，临近采空区的16403回风巷侧向顶板采动应力传递规律，并在现场施工水力压裂钻孔进行切顶卸压，实现临空巷道围岩变形控制。研究结果表明：“低位坚硬岩层悬臂梁+高位坚硬岩层砌体梁”破断结构是特厚煤层宽煤柱临空巷道大变形的主要原因，可采用切顶卸压技术破坏宽煤柱顶板侧向破断结构来控制临空巷道围岩大变形；切顶角变化可使关键块B长度发生改变，切顶角越大，则关键块B长度越小，临空侧顶板载荷向煤柱传递的程度越弱，临空巷道围岩承受的采动应力越小，切顶角为100°时临空巷道围岩垂直应力与变形量最小；在16402运输巷以切顶角100°施工水力压裂钻孔后，16403回风巷顶底板变形量较未实施切顶卸压的16402回风巷减小86.5%，两帮变形量减小87.1%，临空巷道围岩稳定性得到极大提高。Abstract: The goaf roadways have problems of high surrounding rock stress and large deformation under the conditions of hard roof and wide coal pillars in thick coal seams. In order to solve the above problems, this paper takes the 16403 fully mechanized mining face of Laoshidan Coal Mine as the engineering research background. The paper theoretically analyzes the influencing factors of large deformation of goaf roadways from the perspective of lateral fracture structure of wide coal pillar roof. The numerical simulation method is used to study the implementation of different roof cutting and pressure relief schemes for 16402 transportation roadway. The stress transmission law of the lateral roof of the 16403 return airway near the goaf during mining is studied. The hydraulic fracturing drilling is carried out on site for roof cutting and pressure relief to achieve deformation control of the surrounding rock of the goaf roadway. The research results indicate that the fracture structure of "cantilever beam in low hard rock layer+masonry beam in high hard rock layer" is the main reason for the large deformation of the wide coal pillar in the goaf roadway of the extra thick coal seam. The roof cutting and pressure relief technology can be used to destroy the lateral fracture structure of the wide coal pillar roof to control the large deformation of the surrounding rock in the goaf roadway. The change in roof cutting angle can cause a change in the length of key block B. The larger the roof cutting angle, the smaller the length of key block B. The degree of load transfer from the lateral roof of the goaf side to the coal pillar is weaker, and the mining stress borne by the surrounding rock of the goaf roadway is smaller. When the roof cutting angle is 100°, the vertical stress and deformation of the surrounding rock of the goaf roadway are the smallest. After hydraulic fracturing drilling is carried out at a roof cutting angle of 100° in the 16402 transportation roadway, the deformation of the roof and floor of the 16403 return air roadway is reduced by 86.5% compared to the 16402 return air roadway without roof cutting pressure relief. The deformation of the two sides is reduced by 87.1%. The stability of the surrounding rock of the goaf roadway is greatly improved.
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图 1 老石旦煤矿16402工作面岩层柱状
Figure 1. Strata histogram of 16402 working face in Laoshidan Coal Mine
图 4 煤柱临空侧顶板载荷传递力学模型
Figure 4. Mechanical mode of load transfer in cool pillar roof close to goaf
图 6 坚硬顶板切顶卸压模拟设计方案
Figure 6. Simulation design schemes of hard roof cutting and pressure relief
图 7 切缝两侧顶板应力传递演化规律
Figure 7. Evolution law of stress transfer in roof on both sides of cutting crack
图 9 不同切顶角下临空巷道围岩变形量
Figure 9. Deformation amount of surrounding rock in roadway close to goaf under different roof cutting angles
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