Research on intelligent hazard early warning architecture and key technologies for coal mine
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摘要: 我国已初步实现对煤矿瓦斯、火灾、水害、顶板、粉尘五大灾害的监测报警或预警，但智能化水平较低，不具备自我分析和决策能力。在智慧矿山概念框架下，阐述了煤矿灾害智能预警的内涵，提出了灾害智能预警的感知数据精准化、预警模型智能化、预警防灾协同化、应急决策高效化4个方面的特征。设计了煤矿灾害智能预警总体架构：由感知控制层、传输层、存储分析层和应用层4个层级组成，可实现对各类灾害的智能预警和智能管控；采用统一标准、统一采集、统一存储、统一分析、统一展现的数据处理原则，实现灾害智能预警多源异构数据共享与深度挖掘利用，从而解决数据孤岛、数据烟囱等问题。基于煤矿灾害智能预警总体架构，设计了灾害智能预警业务流程，为灾害智能预警设计提供参考。总结了煤矿灾害智能预警关键技术，包括瓦斯、火灾、水害、顶板、粉尘精准监测预警技术和灾害融合智能预警技术，分析了各关键技术难点及发展方向。以青龙寺煤矿灾害智能预警平台为实例，展示了灾害智能预警技术在监测监控、灾害预警、应急救援、分级管控等方面的应用效果。提出应深入研究灾害精准感知技术及装备、多场耦合致灾机理、预警模型自学习自适应技术，以实现高级阶段的灾害智能化预警。Abstract: The monitoring alarming or early warning of five major hazards in coal mines are initially achieved in China. The hazards include gas, fire, water damage, roof and dust. However, the level of intelligence is relatively low, and it does not have the capability to self-analyzing and making decisions. Under the framework of the concept of intelligent mines, the connotation of intelligent hazard early warning for coal mine is elaborated. The four features of intelligent hazard early warning are proposed: accurate perception data, intelligent early warning models, collaborative early warning and hazard prevention, and efficient emergency decision-making. The overall architecture of intelligent hazard early warning for coal mine is designed. It consists of four layers: perception control layer, transmission layer, storage analysis layer, and application layer. It can achieve intelligent early warning and control of various hazards. It adopts the data processing principles of unified standards, unified collection, unified storage, unified analysis, and unified presentation. It can achieve multi-source heterogeneous data sharing and deep mining utilization for intelligent hazard early warning, so as to solve problems such as isolated data island and data chimney. Based on the overall architecture of intelligent hazard early warning for coal mine, an intelligent hazard early warning business process has been designed to provide reference for intelligent hazard early warning design. The key technologies of intelligent hazard early warning of coal mine are summarized. The key technologies include precise monitoring and early warning of gas, fire, water damage, roof and dust, and intelligent hazard fusion early warning technology. The difficulties and development directions of each key technology are analyzed. Taking intelligent hazard early warning platform of Qinglongsi Coal Mine as an example, the application effects of intelligent hazard early warning technology in monitoring, hazard early warning, emergency rescue and hierarchical control are demonstrated. It is proposed to conduct in-depth research on precise hazard perception technology and equipment, multi field coupling hazard mechanism, and self-learning and adaptive technology of warning models to achieve intelligent hazard early warning in advanced stages.
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图 1 灾害智能预警总体架构
Figure 1. Architecture of intelligent hazard early warning for coal mine
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