Abstract: At present, the ontology of coal mine field focuses on the prediction of accidents, and there is no ontology research for the operation safety of coal mine operating personnel. In order to detect the dangerous operation of operating personnel in time to provide safety warning for operating personnel, a method of ontology construction and safety rule reasoning for main types of work in coal mine is proposed. According to the actual production situation of coal mine, the information of operating personnel, apparatus, operating methods, location, environment, accidents and state in coal mine production is formally represented. The main types of work ontology of coal mine covering coal mining system, roadway heading system, electromechanical transportation, geological survey, ventilation gas, comprehensive dust prevention, coal preparation plant and other production systems is constructed by ontology language. According to the safety production regulations in the professional literature of coal mine field, the safety rules are formulated based on Jena custom rule grammar, and the reasoning of operation safety of operating personnel in the main types of work ontology of coal mine is realized based on the safety rules. The experimental results show that it is effective and feasible to judge the safety state of operating personnel based on the ontology of main types of work and safety rules, which provides an auxiliary guarantee method for coal mine safety production.