Abstract: On the basis of characteristic of coal big data such as volume, velocity, variety, veracity, visibility and value, research status of coal big data was introduced from aspects of theory of coal big data, relationship among coal big data, Internet of things and cloud computing, and construction of coal big data platform. New features of coal big data such as multi-layer non-uniform sampling, multi-time scale characteristic and non-veracity data confounding, and challenge of coal big data analysis caused by the new features were analyzed. Functions of coal big data platform were prospected from aspects of big data collection and management, big data analysis and big data sharing. Possible development direction of big data technology in coal industry was discussed from application field.