Abstract: A lithium battery management system for explosion-proof electric vehicle was designed according to GB 3836-2010 and Power safety technical requirements of mine-used flameproof and intrinsic safety type lithium-ion battery(trail). The system takes STM32F105VCT7 main controller and LTC6804-2 battery management chip as cores on the basis of RT-Thread real-time operation system, and uses passive battery equalization scheme to equalize battery voltage. The test result shows that the maximum voltage difference among twelve lithium batteries is 0.237 V and 0.025 V separately before and after applying the system, which has good effect of battery voltage equalization.