Abstract: This paper analyzes the technologies of mine ranging and positioning, such as ultrasound, laser, video, inertial navigation, pedometer, and radio. Among them, radio ranging and positioning have the advantages of long positioning distance, small positioning error, no impact from light, little impact from dust, easy identification, and low system cos. They are suitable for positioning mine personnel and precise positioning of mine personnel. The paper analyzes radio ranging and positioning technologies such as UWB, ZigBee, RFID, 5G and WiFi6. Mining UWB has the advantages of long positioning distance, small positioning error, and low cost. It is suitable for precise positioning systems for mine personnel. Mining ZigBee has the advantages of long positioning distance, small positioning error, and low cost. It is suitable for mine personnel positioning systems. Mining RFID has the advantage of having the lowest system cost. It is suitable for coal mine underground personnel management systems. The positioning precision of mine 5G and WiFi6 is lower than UWB, and the system cost is higher than ZigBee. It is unsuitable for mine personnel positioning and precise positioning systems. The received signal strength indication (RSSI), time of arrival (TOA), time differences of arrival (TDOA), two-way ranging (TWR), symmetrical double-sided two way ranging (SDS-TWR), angle of arrival (AOA) and other mine personnel positioning algorithms are analyzed. The RSSI positioning method has a large positioning error, making it difficult to meet the needs of mine personnel positioning and precise positioning. The TOA positioning method requires accurate and synchronized timing between the positioning card and the substation clock. The positioning card and substation have high costs. It is unsuitable for mine personnel positioning and precise positioning. The TDOA positioning method does not require synchronization between the positioning card and the positioning sub-station clock. It has low requirements for the precision of the positioning card clock and low cost of the positioning card. However, it requires accurate timing of the positioning sub-station clock and synchronization between the positioning sub-stations. The positioning substation cost is high. It can be used for mine personnel positioning and precise positioning. The TWR positioning method and SDS-TWR positioning method do not require clock synchronization between the positioning substation and the positioning card, nor do they require clock synchronization between the positioning substations, nor do they require clock synchronization between the positioning cards. This reduces the complexity and cost of the positioning card and the positioning substation. It is suitable for mine personnel positioning and precise positioning. The AOA positioning method system is complex, costly, with large long-distance positioning errors and dead angles. It can only be used for straight-line obstacle-free positioning. The positioning antenna and positioning precision are greatly affected by mechanical vibration. It is not suitable for the independent positioning of mine personnel and precise positioning. However, it can be used in conjunction with other mine positioning methods.