Abstract: China's coal mine safe and efficient mining technology is at the leading level in the world. But the occupational diseases induced by dust-based toxic substances, high temperature, high humidity, noise and other occupational hazard have long plagued coal mine employees. At present, occupational disease hazards have exceeded the harm of safety accidents to employees, seriously restricting the industry's future development. The concept of underground air quality revolution is put forward. The status of underground dust control and reduction technology (including coal seam water infusion dust reduction technology, spray dust reduction technology, ventilation dust removal technology, chemical reagent dust suppression technology, underground air quality revolution dust control and reduction system), fuel vehicle emission treatment, underground air quality monitoring and early warning system is comprehensively summarized. In order to further promote the theoretical and technological breakthroughs of the underground air quality revolution, based on the concept of "source-division-grading-strategy" for efficient dust control, we seek to establish a theoretical system for collaborative dust reduction and comprehensive management of multi-source, multiphase, and multi-field dust. The development direction of key technical equipment such as efficient intelligent dust prevention and control technology and equipment in mining areas, and synchronous intelligent monitoring technology and equipment for multiple parameters of mine dust environment has been pointed out. It is pointed out that it is necessary to fully integrate the disciplines of science, engineering, medical management, and establish a multi-agent collaborative system for coal mine dust prevention and control. It will lay a theoretical and technical foundation for the development of the underground air quality revolution from the current initial stage to the intermediate and advanced stages. Step by step, it will achieve the goal of full life cycle occupational health for coal mine employees. Ultimately, it will achieve the goal of reducing or zero incidences of occupational diseases in coal mines, supporting the Healthy China Initiative.