矿井危险区域多旋翼侦测无人机关键技术探讨

Discussion on key technologies of multi-rotor detection UAVs in mine dangerous area

  • 摘要: 从自主定位导航技术、自主避障技术、多传感器信息融合技术3个方面综述了国内外井下危险区域多旋翼侦测无人机关键技术的研究现状:自主定位导航技术可使机器人在未知环境中无需人工干预而实现自主移动,组合导航技术、3D环境地图构建技术、深度优化的轨迹规划算法以及基于语义与深度学习的同步定位与地图构建技术适用于灾变信息随时空演化、具备复杂性与不稳定性的矿井环境条件;基于多传感器信息融合的避障方法能够保证多旋翼侦测无人机在不同环境条件下最大程度地感知障碍物信息;基于自主定位与自主避障技术的传感器融合体系结构应采用分布式结构,以使井下多旋翼侦测无人机系统具有较高的可靠性及容错性。从软件和硬件方面分析了多旋翼侦测无人机存在的问题,即融合模型及算法普适性无法保障、融合系统容错性或鲁棒性有待完善、适应多种复杂融合算法的处理硬件匮乏以及多传感器集成度低、硬件功耗高、体积大等。展望了井下危险区域多旋翼侦测无人机关键技术的发展趋势:① 融合算法的合理优化:最大程度合理优化融合算法,提高系统可靠性和稳定性,保证数据处理的稳定高效。② 人工智能技术的应用:通过机器学习与自适应等智能技术,提高多旋翼侦测无人机深度学习能力,扩大危险区域侦测范围。③ 可适应多种复杂融合算法处理硬件的开发:矿井危险区域条件异常复杂,缺少能够适应多种算法深度融合的处理硬件,难以实现井下多源信息的同步采集与处理,通过开发具有较强适应性的处理硬件,提高多旋翼侦测无人机处理信息的能力。④ 便捷硬件融合系统的研发:开发基于多种传感器深度集成的融合系统,进一步提升多旋翼侦测无人机的探查能力。

     

    Abstract: The research status of the key technologies of multi-rotor detection unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) in mine dangerous areas at home and abroad is reviewed from three aspects: autonomous positioning and navigation technology, autonomous obstacle avoidance technology and multi-sensor information fusion technology. Autonomous positioning and navigation technology enables robots to move autonomously in unknown environments without human intervention. Combined navigation technology, 3D environment map building technology, deeply optimized trajectory planning algorithms and simultaneous positioning and map building technology based on semantic and deep learning are suitable for mine conditions with complex and unstable mine environmental conditions where disaster information evolving over time.The obstacle avoidance method based on multi-sensor information fusion can ensure that the multi-rotor detection UAV can perceive obstacle information to the maximum extent under different environmental conditions. The sensor fusion architecture based on autonomous positioning and obstacle avoidance technology need to adopt a distributed structure to make the mine multi-rotor detection UAV system have high reliability and fault tolerance.The problems of multi-rotor detection UVAs are analyzed from both software and hardware aspects. The problems include that the universality of the fusion model and algorithm cannot be guaranteed,the fusion system's fault tolerance or robustness needs to be improved, the lack of processing hardware to adapt to a variety of complex fusion algorithms, and the low degree of integration, high power consumption and large size of multi-sensor.The development trend of key technologies of multi-rotor detection UAVs in mine dangerous areas is prospected. ① Fusion algorithm optimization: it is crucial to maximize the optimization of fusion algorithm, improve system reliability and stability and ensure stable and efficient data processing. ② Application of artificial intelligence technology: improving the deep learning ability of multi-rotor detection UAVs and expanding the detection range of mine dangerous areas by applying intelligent technologies such as machine learning and adaptive technology. ③ Development of processing hardware that can adapt to multiple complex fusion algorithms: the conditions of mine dangerous area are extremely complex, and it is difficult to achieve simultaneous collection and processing of underground multi-source information without the processing hardware that can adapt to the deep fusion of multiple algorithms. Therefore, the information processing ability of multi-rotor detection UAVs can be improved by developing processing hardware with strong adaptability. ④ Development of convenient hardware fusion system: developing a fusion system based on the deep integration of multiple sensors could further enhance the detection capabilities of multi-rotor detection UAVs.

     

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