Abstract: Based on analysis of principle and characteristics of traditional water inrush source, fire and gas concentration detection technologies of coal mine rescue robot, water inrush source detection method of coal mine rescue robot based on wireless ad-hoc network, fire detection method of coal mine rescue robot based on big data and gas concentration detection method of coal mine rescue robot based on multi-source information fusion were proposed, which could effectively improve accuracy of water inrush water, fire and gas concentration detection of coal mine rescue robot. It was pointed out that disaster environment detection technology of coal mine rescue robot would deeply integrate modern information technologies such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence and Internet of things, so as to comprehensively improve reliability of disaster environment detection results of coal mine rescue robot.