Current research status and development trends of deep well rescue technology and equipment
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摘要: 深井救援技术是指在深井事故救援过程中对被困人员进行救援各环节涉及的关键技术，主要包括环境侦测技术、生命探测技术、深井快速破拆技术、应急通信网络构建技术及保障深井事故救援顺利进行的其他辅助技术。深井救援装备是指在深井救援技术实施过程中必要的硬件装备和软件平台等。研究深井救援技术和装备对于保障被困人员生命安全、减少事故损失至关重要。分析了深井救援装备及关键技术的研究现状，指出现有的救援技术和装备并不能完全满足复杂多变的环境要求，存在救援装备的通用性与专用性研究不足、救援装备智能化程度有待提升、网络协同能力难以满足救援复杂环境要求、救援装备创新性研究不足等问题。针对上述问题，展望了深井救援装备与技术的发展趋势：① 深井救援装备应通过不同救援场景进行专用性和通用性划分，单一装备向多功能性、高可靠性、高机动性发展。② 救援装备智能化、精准化、自主决策化，实现智能装备为主、人员为辅的救援模式。③ 构建急速组网、多模式组网、一体化救援网络平台。④ 集成TDLAS虽然目前并没有达到救援标准，但其高分辨率、高灵敏度和可集成化在未来将会发挥重要作用，以实现环境监测装备的高集成、轻量化、高效化。Abstract: Deep well rescue technology refers to the key technologies involved in various aspects of rescuing trapped personnel during the process of deep well accident rescue. It mainly includes environmental detection technology, life detection technology, deep well rapid demolition technology, emergency communication network construction technology, and other auxiliary technologies to ensure the smooth progress of deep well accident rescue. Deep well rescue equipment refers to necessary hardware equipment and software platforms during the implementation of deep well rescue technology. Studying deep well rescue technology and equipment is crucial for ensuring the safety of trapped personnel and reducing accident losses. The current research status of deep well rescue equipment and key technologies is analyzed. It is pointed out that existing rescue technologies and equipment cannot fully meet the complex and changing environmental requirements. There are problems such as insufficient research on the universality and specificity of rescue equipment, the need to improve the intelligence level of rescue equipment, difficulty in meeting the needs of complex rescue environments with network collaboration capabilities, and insufficient innovation research on rescue equipment. In order to solve the above issues, the development trend of deep well rescue equipment and technology is discussed. ① Deep well rescue equipment should be divided into specialized and universal categories based on different rescue scenarios. A single equipment should develop towards multifunctionality, high reliability, and high mobility. ② Rescue equipment is intelligent, precise, and self decision-making, achieving a rescue mode of intelligent equipment as the main focus and personnel as the auxiliary. ③ It is suggested to build a rapid networking, multi-mode networking, and integrated rescue network platform. ④ Although TDLAS integration does not currently meet rescue standards, its high resolution, high sensitivity, and integrability will play an important role in the future, achieving high integration, lightweight, and efficiency of environmental monitoring equipment.
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图 1 2018−2023年全国深井困人事故情况
Figure 1. Deep well trapped personnel accidents in China from 2018 to 2023
图 8 空天地一体化应急通信装备体系
Figure 8. Emergency communication equipment system with integrated of air and earth
表 1 典型气体检测仪检测性能对比
Table 1. Comparison of typical gas detectors performance
传感器 测量
种类同时测量
气体数量通信
方式适用
环境/℃分辨率/
10−6MultiRAE2 1～30 6 无线通信 −20～50 0.1～1 Honeywell BW Flex4 1～15 4 蓝牙 −40～60 1 Honeywell BW Ultra 1～15 5 蓝牙 −20～50 1 MicroRAE 4 4 无线通信 −40～50 1 GasAlertMax XT II 4 4 无 −20～50 1 
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