Current situation and development trend of rock bolting construction equipment in coal roadway
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摘要: 锚杆支护施工装备是煤巷锚杆支护成套技术的重要组成部分,直接影响锚杆支护速度与质量。经过长期发展,我国煤矿开发出多种形式的锚杆支护施工装备,包括单体锚杆钻机、锚杆钻车、掘锚机、掘锚一体机、锚杆转载机及跨骑式锚杆钻车等。系统分析了6类锚杆支护施工装备的发展历程、技术性能、技术参数、适用条件及最新进展。单体锚杆钻机轻便、灵活、技术成熟,形成系列化产品,得到广泛应用。机载锚杆钻臂可集成于不同平台,形成各种集成化施工装备:锚杆钻车形成了从两臂到九臂的多种机型,可紧跟掘进装备、与掘进装备交替作业,多臂协同、多臂平行作业完成锚杆支护施工;将机载锚杆钻臂配置于悬臂式掘进机上,开发出多种形式的掘锚机,实现了掘进与锚杆支护施工2个功能;掘锚一体机实现了国产化,研制出支护平台前移的掘锚一体机、护盾式掘锚一体机及钻锚一体化掘锚一体机;研制出从两臂到七臂的锚杆转载机、十臂跨骑式锚杆钻车,实现了锚杆支护与掘进、运输分区作业。介绍了钻锚一体化锚杆支护技术与装备,包括钻锚一体化锚杆、泵注锚固剂、钻锚一体化钻臂、钻箱、锚杆仓、锚固剂泵注系统及智能控制系统,将传统锚杆施工6道工序简化为1道连续工序,实现了“一键打锚杆”自动化作业,显著提高了锚杆支护速度和自动化程度。指出了煤巷锚杆支护施工装备发展趋势:数智化锚杆钻臂;锚杆钻臂定位、位姿自主调节及多钻臂协同控制技术;锚杆(索)结构与材料优化、锚注材料升级及施工设备完善;环境动态感知及随掘围岩稳定性判别;锚杆支护施工装备故障诊断技术;巷道围岩变形与支护体受力在线监测;建立大数据平台,实现锚杆支护自动化、智能化。Abstract: The rock bolting construction equipment is an important part of the complete set of bolt support technology in coal roadway, which directly affects the speed and quality of rock bolting. After a long period of development, China's coal mines have developed various forms of rock bolting equipment, including single bolter, mobile bolter, roadheader bolter, bolter miner, bolter conveyor and straddle bolter. This paper systematically analyzes the development history, technical performance, technical parameters, applicable conditions and latest development of six kinds of rock bolting construction equipment. The single bolter is light, flexible and mature in technology, forming a series of products, which are widely used. The onboard bolter can be integrated on different platforms to form a variety of integrated construction equipment. The mobile bolter has formed a variety of models from two arms to nine arms. It can closely follow the heading equipment, work alternately with the heading equipment, and complete the rock bolting construction with multi-arm cooperation and multi-arm parallel operation. The onboard bolter is equipped on the cantilever roadheader, and various types of roadheader bolters are developed, realizing two functions of heading and bolt construction. The bolter miner has realized localization. The bolter miner with forward moveable bolting platform, shield type bolter miner and bolter miner with the integration of drilling and bolting are developed. The bolter conveyor from two arms to seven arms and the ten-arm straddle bolter are developed. The rock bolting, heading and transportation have been carried out in different zones. This paper introduces the technology and equipment of rock bolting with the integration of drilling and bolting. They include bolt with the integration of drilling and bolting, pump-injected anchoring agent, onboard bolter with the integration of drilling and bolting, drill box, rock bolt bin, anchoring agent pump-injection system and intelligent control system. The traditional six-step rock bolt construction process is simplified into one continuous process. It realizes the automatic operation of "one key rock bolting", significantly improving the speed and automation degree of rock bolting. The paper points out the development trend of rock bolting construction equipment in coal roadway. The trend includes following aspects: the digital intelligent bolt onboard bolter, onboard bolter positioning, pose self-adjustment and multi-onboard bolter collaborative control technology; the optimization of bolt (cable) structure and materials, upgrading of anchor grouting materials and improvement of construction equipment; the environmental dynamic sensing and stability discrimination of surrounding rock with heading; the fault diagnosis technology of rock bolting construction equipment and the online monitoring of roadway surrounding rock deformation and bolt load; establishing a big data platform to realize automation and intelligenitization of rock bolting.
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Key words:
- rock bolting /
- construction equipment /
- bolter /
- miner bolter /
- integration of drilling and bolting
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表 1 部分单体气动锚杆钻机性能指标
Table 1. Performance index of some single pneumatic roof bolters
名称 型号 额定转矩/(N·m) 额定功率/
kW气动锚杆钻机 MQT130 130 2.5~4.2 气动振动式锚杆钻机 KMQT130 130 3.1~4.2 气动支腿式帮锚杆钻机 MQTB60—MQTB130 60~130 1.5~4.2 气动支腿振动式帮锚杆钻机 KMQTB100 100 3.3 气动手持式钻机 ZQS40—ZQS65 40~65 1.5~2.8 气动手持式振动钻机 KZQS50 50 1.7 气动锚杆凿岩机 MZQT130 130 35 气动架柱式锚杆钻机 MQJ130 130 3.8 气动架柱振动式锚杆钻机 KMQJ130 130 3.8 表 2 部分机载锚杆钻臂性能参数
Table 2. Performance parameters of some onboard bolter
生产单位 型号 额定转矩/
(N·m)额定转速/
(r·min−1)中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 MJH−300/550M 300 550 久益环球(天津)装备制造
有限公司MJH−320/500(A) 320 500 山西天地煤机装备有限公司 MJH−210/300 210 300 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 MJZ−300/550 300 550 山东兖煤黑豹矿业装备有限公司 MJH−200/550E 200 550 廊坊景隆重工机械有限公司 MJH−400/500 400 500 湖南建湘机械科技有限公司 MJZ−400/600 400 600 表 3 内置树脂锚固剂锚杆性能参数
Table 3. Performance parameters of bolt with built-in resin anchoring agent
生产单位 型号 直径/mm 承载力/kN DSI One Step Bolt 38.5 320 中铁隆昌铁路器材有限公司 MSNZ120−36/30 30 120 淮南东华欧科矿山支护设备
有限责任公司MSNZ200−42/36 36 200 廊坊景隆重工机械有限公司 MSNZ210−42/37 37 210 表 4 国内外典型煤巷锚杆支护施工装备
Table 4. Typical rock bolting construction equipments in coal roadway at home and abroad
类型 制造厂家 型号 装机功
率/kW最大截割断面尺寸
(高×宽)/(m×m)锚杆机转速/
(r·min−1)锚杆机预紧
转矩/(N·m)适应截割煤岩
坚固性系数掘锚一体机 JOY EJM2×170/4−2 620 4.8×6.0 500 315 ≤8 Sandvik MB670−1 510 5.0×6.2 540 305 ≤8 山西天地煤机装备有限公司 EJM340/2−2Z ≥688 5.8×6.5 400~600 315 ≤8 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 EJM270/4−2 1 068 5.5×6.5 500 300 ≤8 西安煤矿机械有限公司 EJM300/2−2 754 5.0×6.5 500 300 ≤5 山东邦迈智能科技有限公司 EJM360/4−2 ≥480 — 550 315 — 唯实重工有限责任公司 EJM290/4−2A 653 4.5×5.4 500 300 ≤6 三一重型装备有限公司 EJM270 574 3.8×4.4 450 300 ≤6 掘锚机 Sandvik MH620 555 5.8×8.8 540 305 ≤8 上海创力集团股份有限公司 EBZ260M−4 420 5.0×5.8 500 300 ≤9 西安煤矿机械有限公司 EBZ260M−4 450 3.5×4.8 850 300 ≤10 三一重型装备有限公司 EBZ260M−2 420 5.0×6.1 450 300 ≤6 沈阳北方交通重工集团有限公司 EBZ200M−2A 310 5.5×6.5 475 300 ≤8 徐工集团工程机械股份有限公司 EBZ200M−2 290 5.1×6.5 500 300 — 陕西朗赫智能装备有限公司 EBZ260M−2 392 4.6×6.1 300 350 ≤8 山东兖煤黑豹矿业装备有限公司 EBZ200M−2 325 5.0×6.5 460 300 ≤7 凯盛重工有限公司 EBZ260M−2 392 5.2×6.2 500 240 ≤10 山东天河科技股份有限公司 EBZ160M−2 270 4.8×5.5 500 350 ≤8 石家庄煤矿机械有限责任公司 EBZ260M−4 ≥420 5.3×6.2 500 300 ≤10 北方重工集团有限公司 EBZ260M−2 435 5.5×7.0 500 300 ≤9 锚杆钻车 Sandvik DM300 — — 540 305 — 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 CMM2−40Z 45 — 550 300 — 山西天地煤机装备有限公司 CMM2−25 55 — 550 310 — 廊坊景隆重工机械有限公司 CMM2−27 45 — 450 ≥200 — 山东天河科技股份有限公司 CMM2−30 45 — 500 350 — 山东邦迈智能科技有限公司 CMM2−27 45 — 550 315 — 锚杆转载机 山西天地煤机装备有限公司 MZHB5−1200/25等 — — — — — 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 MZHB5−1500/30等 — — — — — 廊坊景隆重工机械有限公司 MZHB6−1500/38PY等 — — — — — 上海创力集团股份有限公司 MZHB4−650/22 — — — — — 江苏中贵重工有限公司 MZHB7−650/30Y等 — — — — — 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 MZHB4−1800/18PY等 — — — — — 山西天巨重工机械有限公司 MZHB5−1200/25PY等 — — — — — -
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