In order to solve problems of lack maintenance and blind repair existed in vacuum circuit breakers of 10 kV switchgear , the paper put forward a health diagnosis strategy of vacuum circuit breaker of 10 kV switchgear based on RBF neural network on basis of analysis of fault type and portent. The strategy uses sensor to extract characteristic parameters of vacuum breaker, obtains characteristic quantity of state of health, and takes these characteristic quantities as input of RBF network to diagnose health condition of vacuum circuit breaker, so as to achieve preventive goal. The simulation results by Matlab proved effectiveness of the strategy.