综掘工作面气幕控尘参数对粉尘污染的影响

李昌杰; 辛创业; 王昊

doi:10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2024080054

综掘工作面气幕控尘参数对粉尘污染的影响

doi: 10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2024080054

李昌杰^1,,
辛创业²,
王昊^2, ,

1.
兖矿能源集团股份有限公司赵楼煤矿，山东菏泽　274700
2.
青岛理工大学机械与汽车工程学院，山东青岛　266520

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（52404222）；山东省自然科学基金项目（ZR2020QE124）。

详细信息

作者简介:
李昌杰（1975—），男，山东淄博人，高级工程师，主要从事矿井灾害预防与控制方面的研究工作，E-mail：lchj1975@163.com

通讯作者:
王昊（1990—），男，山东邹城人，副教授，博士，主要研究方向为工矿灾害预防与控制，E-mail：wanghaojx@qut.edu.cn。

中图分类号: TD714.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-08-19
- 修回日期: 2024-10-28
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-29

Effects of air curtain dust control parameters on dust pollution in fully mechanized mining faces

1.
Zhaolou Coal Mine, Yankuang Energy Group Co., Ltd., Heze 274700, China
2.
School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China

摘要

摘要: 气幕控尘效果受压抽风及径向分风多要素影响，而现有研究多局限于某单一要素对气幕控尘的影响规律。为掌握气幕控尘参数对综掘工作面粉尘污染的影响，对不同径向分风流量和负压控尘流量条件下的风流场演变和粉尘场扩散开展了数值模拟研究。结果表明：① 径向分风流量主要影响轴向射流场的卷吸效应，负压控尘流量主要影响工作面的抽风负压作用，当径向分风流量与压风总流量比值≥0.8、压风总流量与负压控尘流量比值＜1.0时，气幕运移至射流区域时转变为轴向运移，形成厚度≥1.4 m的轴向控尘流场。② 径向分风流量及负压控尘流量越大，巷道压抽风侧风流流量及风速分布越均匀，粉尘扩散距离越小，掘进机司机处粉尘质量浓度越低。在此基础上，确定了综掘工作面气幕控尘优化参数：径向分风流量为288 m³/min（径向分风流量与压风总流量比值为0.9），负压控尘流量为426 m³/min（压风总流量与负压控尘流量比值为0.75）。经现场实测，应用气幕控尘优化参数后，掘进机司机处降尘率达93.5%，人员作业环境得到明显改善。
- 综掘工作面 /
- 气幕控尘 /
- 径向分风 /
- 负压控尘 /
- 粉尘污染
Abstract: The effectiveness of air curtain dust control is influenced by various factors, including suction ventilation and radial airflow distribution. Existing research is largely limited to the effects of single factors on air curtain dust control. To understand the impact of dust control parameters on dust pollution in fully mechanized mining faces, numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the evolution of airflow and dust dispersion under different conditions of radial airflow distribution and negative pressure dust control. The results indicated that: ① Radial airflow distribution primarily affected the entrainment effect of the axial jet field, while negative pressure dust control flow mainly influenced the negative pressure effect of suction at the working face. When the ratio of radial airflow distribution to total air supply was not less than 0.8 and the ratio of total air supply to negative pressure dust control flow was less than 1.0, the air curtain transitioned to axial movement in the jet region, forming an axial dust control flow field with a thickness of not less than 1.4 m. ② As radial airflow distribution and negative pressure dust control flow increased, the airflow quantity and speed distribution on the suction side of the tunnel became more uniform, leading to reduced dust dispersion distance and lower dust mass concentration at the operator's position. Based on these findings, the optimized parameters for air curtain dust control in fully mechanized mining faces were determined: radial airflow distribution at 288 m³/min (with a ratio of radial airflow distribution to total air supply of 0.9) and negative pressure dust control flow at 426 m³/min (with a ratio of total air supply to negative pressure dust control flow of 0.75). Field measurements showed that after applying the optimized air curtain dust control parameters, the dust reduction rate at the operator's position reached 93.5%, significantly improving the working environment.
- fully mechanized mining face /
- air curtain dust control /
- radial airflow distribution /
- negative pressure dust control /
- dust pollution

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图 1 综掘巷道等比例几何模型

Figure 1. Proportional geometric model of fully mechanized excavation roadway

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图 2 网格独立性检验结果

Figure 2. Grid independence test result

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图 3 气幕断面风流分布

Figure 3. Airflow distribution in cross-section of air curtain

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图 4 不同q_r条件下巷道风流流线分布

Figure 4. Airflow lines distribution in roadway under different distribution quantity of radial airflow （q_r） conditions

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图 5 不同q_r条件下掘进机司机所在断面风速分布

Figure 5. Wind speed distribution at the section where the roadheader driver is located under different q_r conditions

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图 6 不同q_r条件下巷道内粉尘扩散云图

Figure 6. Cloud map of dust diffusion in roadway under different q_r

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图 7 D与q_r/q_p间数学关系

Figure 7. Mathematical relationship between dust diffusion distance（D） and q_r/total quantity of pressure airflow（q_p）

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图 8 C与q_r/q_p间数学关系

Figure 8. Mathematical relationship between dust concentration at roadheader driver's position（C） and q_r/q_p

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图 9 不同q_e条件下巷道风流流线分布

Figure 9. Airflow lines distribution in roadway under different extraction airflow quantity for dust control（q_e） conditions

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图 10 不同q_e条件下掘进机司机所在断面风速分布

Figure 10. Wind speed distribution at the section where the roadheader driver is located under different q_e

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图 11 不同q_e条件下巷道内粉尘扩散云图

Figure 11. Cloud map of dust diffusion in roadway under different q_e

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图 12 D与q_p/q_e间数学关系

Figure 12. Mathematical relationship between D and q_p/q_e

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图 13 C与q_p/q_e间数学关系

Figure 13. Mathematical relationship between C and q_p/q_e

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表 1 颗粒相基本参数

Table 1. Basic parameters of particle phase

参数	设置
注入方式	表面喷射
质量流率/（kg·s⁻¹）	0.002 8
最小粒径/m	8.2×10⁻⁷
中位粒径/m	4.83×10⁻⁶
最大粒径/m	2.65×10⁻⁵
扩散系数	3.5

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表 2 风流运移实测与模拟结果对比

Table 2. Comparison of measured and simulated results of airflow migration

测点	风速	断面距工作面距离/m
测点	风速	2	5	7
a	实测值/（m·s⁻¹）	¤, 0.41	¤, 0.47	¤, 0.51
	模拟值/（m·s⁻¹）	→, 0.42	¤, 0.49	¤, 0.52
	相对误差/%	3.95	3.72	2.14
b	实测值/（m·s⁻¹）	→, 0.46	¤, 0.51	¤, 0.54
	模拟值/（m·s⁻¹）	¤, 0.49	¤, 0.54	→, 0.55
	相对误差/%	7.27	5.65	1.86
c	实测值/（m·s⁻¹）	↑, 0.44	¤, 0.45	¤, 0.49
	模拟值/（m·s⁻¹）	↑, 0.47	¤, 0.47	¤, 0.51
	相对误差/%	6.03	5.32	3.26

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表 3 不同环节各测点粉尘质量浓度及降尘率

Table 3. Dust mass concentration and dust reduction rate at different measuring points in different stages

环节	数据类型	距工作面距离/m
环节	数据类型	3	7	25	50	100
Ⅰ	粉尘质量浓度/ （mg·m⁻³）	705.3	501.2	326.5	255.3	208.6
Ⅱ	粉尘质量浓度/ （mg·m⁻³）	251.3	163.4	125.2	100.8	84.9
Ⅱ	降尘率/%	64.4	67.4	61.7	60.5	59.3
Ⅲ	粉尘质量浓度/ （mg·m⁻³）	231.5	32.4	25.1	20.7	17.1
Ⅲ	降尘率/%	67.2	93.5	92.3	91.9	91.8

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