放煤过程中液压支架顶梁动态载荷演化特征试验研究

霍昱名; 胡文硕; 高鹏; 闫川

doi:10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2024080001

放煤过程中液压支架顶梁动态载荷演化特征试验研究

doi: 10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2024080001

霍昱名^{1, 2,},
胡文硕³,
高鹏³,
闫川³

1.
太原理工大学矿业工程学院，山西太原　030024
2.
安徽省皖北煤电集团有限责任公司博士后科研工作站，安徽宿州　234000
3.
太原理工大学原位改性采矿教育部重点实验室，山西太原　030024

基金项目: 山西省基础研究计划资助项目（202103021223073）。

详细信息

作者简介:
霍昱名（1991—），男，山西平遥人，讲师，博士，主要研究方向为放顶煤开采理论与技术，E-mail：huoyuming@tyut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TD355.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-08-01
- 修回日期: 2024-09-28
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-14

Experimental study on the evolution characteristics of dynamic load of hydraulic support top beam during coal caving

1.
College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
2.
Postdoctoral Research Station, Anhui Province Wanbei Coal-Electricity Group Co., Ltd., Suzhou 234000, China
3.
Key Laboratory of In-Situ Property-Improving Mining of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China

摘要

摘要: 接触式煤矸识别需要研究综放开采液压支架顶梁承载特性，但现有研究大多重点关注放煤前后的支架承载特性或在给定载荷情况下支架的力学响应特征，忽略了对放煤过程中载荷变化的深入探究。针对上述问题，搭建了放顶煤支架动态载荷相似模拟试验平台，借助散体颗粒模拟破碎煤矸块体，反演了综放工作面放煤过程，利用薄膜压力传感器采集支架顶梁压力，分析了放煤过程中顶梁动态载荷演化特征。试验结果表明：① 顶煤的放出对支架顶梁载荷产生了较为明显的影响，即随着顶煤放出，支架顶梁载荷整体呈先增大后减小最终稳定的演化规律。② 沿顶梁长度方向，支架顶梁距离掩护梁越远的位置受顶煤放出的影响越小，主要表现在距离掩护梁越远，顶梁载荷峰值相较初始值的增幅越小，且达到载荷峰值所需的时间越长。③ 沿顶梁宽度方向，由于顶煤的放出过程受到了约束边界或流动过程不均衡性的限制，顶梁不同位置的载荷峰值具有差异性，顶梁载荷峰值相较初始值的增幅最大值达到了最小值的2.4倍。
- 综放开采 /
- 煤矸识别 /
- 放顶煤 /
- 液压支架顶梁 /
- 动态载荷 /
- 相似模拟 /
- 压力传感器
Abstract: Contact coal-gangue identification requires studying the bearing characteristics of hydraulic support top beams in fully mechanized top coal caving. However, existing research primarily focuses on the bearing characteristics of supports before and after coal caving or the mechanical response characteristics of supports under given loads, neglecting an in-depth exploration of load changes during the coal caving process. To address this issue, a dynamic load similarity simulation test platform for top-coal hydraulic supports was established, using granular particles to simulate broken coal gangue. This setup simulated the coal caving process in a fully mechanized working face, and thin-film pressure sensors were employed to collect pressure data from the support top beams. The dynamic load evolution characteristics of the support top beams during the coal caving process were analyzed. The experimental results indicated: ① The caving of top coal significantly affected the load on the support top beams, demonstrating an evolution pattern where the overall load first increased, then decreased, and finally stabilized as the top coal was released. ② Along the length of the beam, the locations of the support top beams farther from the protective beam were less affected by the caving of top coal. This was primarily reflected in the smaller increase in peak load compared to the initial value at locations farther from the protective beam, as well as a longer time required to reach the peak load. ③ Along the width of the beam, due to the constraints of boundary conditions or the unevenness of the flow process during top coal caving, the peak load at different positions of the beam showed variability, with the maximum increase in peak load compared to the initial value reaching up to 2.4 times the minimum increase.
- fully mechanized top coal caving /
- coal-gangue identification /
- top coal caving /
- hydraulic support top beams /
- dynamic load /
- similarity simulation /
- pressure sensor

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图 1 放顶煤支架动态载荷相似模拟试验平台

Figure 1. Dynamic load similarity simulation test platform for top coal caving support

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图 2 薄膜压力传感器

Figure 2. Thin-film pressure sensor

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图 3 试验前后散体颗粒分布情况

Figure 3. Distribution of granular particles before and after the experiment

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图 4 压力测区分布

Figure 4. Distribution of pressure measuring area

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图 5 一级测区支架顶梁载荷变化曲线

Figure 5. Load variation curve of support top beam in the first-level measuring area

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图 6 二级测区支架顶梁载荷变化曲线

Figure 6. Load variation curves of support top beam in the second-level measuring area

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图 7 三级测区支架顶梁载荷变化曲线

Figure 7. Load variation curves of support top beam in the third-level measuring area

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表 1 散体颗粒级配比例

Table 1. Granular particle size distribution

现场实测结果		相似模拟参数
直径/cm	占比/%	直径/cm	占比/%
(0，9]	13.83	(0，1]	14.0
(9，18]	46.31	(1，2]	46.0
(18，27]	20.34	(2，3]	20.0
(27，36]	19.52	(3，4]	20.0

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表 2 三级测区支架顶梁载荷特征

Table 2. Load characteristics of support top beam in the third-level measuring area

测区	载荷峰值相较初始值增幅/%	载荷增大时对应的放煤时间/s	载荷增大持续时间/s
3−1	4	1.6	1.0
3−2	8	1.6	1.6
3−3	5	1.4	1.2
3−4	11	1.6	1.1
3−5	5	—	—
3−6	16	1.5	1.2
3−7	9	2.5	1.1
3−8	20	1.5	1.4

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