近直立煤层群水平分段综放开采充填卸压防冲研究

王子伟; 程博源; 魏炜杰; 孙文超; 谢东恒; 谢缅羽

doi:10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2024070119

近直立煤层群水平分段综放开采充填卸压防冲研究

doi: 10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2024070119

1.
国家能源集团新疆能源有限责任公司乌东煤矿，新疆乌鲁木齐　830000
2.
中国矿业大学（北京）能源与矿业学院，北京　100083

基金项目: 中国博士后科学基金项目（2024T171006）；国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(52204163)；中央高校基本业务费资助项目（2024ZKPYNY04，2023YQTD02）。

详细信息

作者简介:
王子伟（1991—），男，陕西眉县人，工程师，主要从事煤矿综采技术应用工作，E-mail：421669883@qq.com

通讯作者:
魏炜杰(1991—)，男，河北武安人，讲师，博士，研究方向为厚煤层开采技术，E-mail:wwjie@cumtb.edu.cn。

中图分类号: TD823.7
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-31
- 修回日期: 2024-09-10
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-14

Research on filling, pressure relief, and rock burst prevention in horizontal sublevel fully mechanized top coal caving of near-vertical coal seam groups

1.
Wudong Coal Mine, CHN Energy Group Xinjiang Energy Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830000, China
2.
School of Energy and Mining Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 目前近直立煤层开采冲击地压防治措施主要有爆破、水压致裂、建立保护层等，或破坏层间岩柱和顶底板，或难以解决大采深情况下的层间岩柱应力集中问题，且会导致较大的地表沉降。以乌东煤矿为工程背景，针对近直立煤层群水平分段综放开采方法，提出了充填采空区技术，以支护层间岩柱及顶底板，降低开采分段周围煤岩体的应力集中现象。设计了3种充填方案：方案1为第一开采分段采空区使用高强度材料充填，其余分段采用普通材料充填；方案2为第一开采分段采空区使用高强度材料充填，其余分段交替采用高强度材料和普通材料充填；方案3为每一分段采空区均使用高强度材料充填。通过数值模拟研究了3种充填方案的卸压防冲效果，结果表明：与未充填相比，3种充填方案下层间岩柱最大垂直应力分别下降25.07%，26.57%，29.23%，下一分段煤体最大水平应力分别下降10.63%，10.79%，12.34%。综合考虑卸压效果和经济效益，优选间隔充填的方案3。指出可结合高应力区域实时智能监测技术，及时支撑层间岩柱，减少层间岩柱及下分段煤体的应力集中，防止冲击地压发生。
- 综放开采 /
- 近直立煤层 /
- 冲击地压防治 /
- 充填开采 /
- 充填卸压 /
- 层间岩柱 /
- 应力分布
Abstract: Current rock burst prevention measures for near-vertical coal seam mining primarily include blasting, hydraulic fracturing, and the establishment of protective layers. These measures either damage interlayer rock pillars and roof/floor strata or prove inadequate in resolving stress concentration in interlayer rock pillars at large mining depths, often resulting in significant surface subsidence. Using the Wudong Coal Mine as the engineering context, this study proposed a filling technique for goafs in horizontal sublevel fully mechanized top coal caving of near-vertical coal seam groups. This technique was intended to support interlayer rock pillars and roof/floor strata, reducing stress concentration in the surrounding coal and rock masses of the mining segments. Three filling schemes were designed: Scheme 1 involved filling the goaf in the first mining segment with high-strength materials, with ordinary materials used in other segments; Scheme 2 involved filling the goaf in the first segment with high-strength materials, with alternating high-strength and ordinary materials in other segments; and Scheme 3 involved filling the goaf in each segment with high-strength materials. Numerical simulations were conducted to assess the pressure relief and rock burst prevention effectiveness of the three schemes. Results indicated that, compared to no filling, the maximum vertical stress in interlayer rock pillars decreased by 25.07%, 26.57%, and 29.23% under the three schemes, respectively, while the maximum horizontal stress in the coal body of the subsequent segment decreased by 10.63%, 10.79%, and 12.34%, respectively. Considering both pressure relief effectiveness and economic feasibility, Scheme 3 with interval filling was identified as the optimal solution. It was suggested that this approach be combined with real-time intelligent monitoring technology in high-stress areas to promptly support interlayer rock pillars, thus reducing stress concentration and preventing rock bursts.
- fully mechanized top coal caving /
- near-vertical coal seam /
- rock burst prevention /
- filling mining /
- filling pressure relief /
- interlayer rock pillar /
- stress distribution

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图 1 乌东煤矿地质结构

Figure 1. Geological structure of Wudong Coal Mine

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图 2 2021−01−18—2023−12−18乌东煤矿地音监测数据

Figure 2. Seismic monitoring data of Wudong Coal Mine from January 18, 2021, to December 18, 2023

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图 3 数值模拟初始模型

Figure 3. Initial model of numerical simulation

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图 4 不同充填方案下数值模型垂直应力

Figure 4. Vertical stress in numerical model under different filling schemes

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图 5 层间岩柱垂直应力集中区域

Figure 5. Vertical stress concentration area of interlayer rock pillars

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图 6 层间岩柱垂直应力集中区域测线布置

Figure 6. Survey line layout for vertical stress concentration areas of interlayer rock pillars

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图 7 层间岩柱垂直应力集中区域测量数据

Figure 7. Measurement data of vertical stress concentration in interlayer rock pillars

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图 8 不同方案下数值模型x轴方向位移

Figure 8. Displacement in the x-axis direction of numerical models under different schemes

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图 9 层间岩柱及顶底板x轴方向位移

Figure 9. Displacement in the x-axis direction of interlayer rock pillars and roof/floor strata

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图 10 不同方案下数值模型x轴方向水平应力

Figure 10. Horizontal stress in the x-axis direction of numerical models under different schemes

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图 11 +375～+400 m阶段煤体x轴方向水平应力

Figure 11. Horizontal stress in the x-axis direction of coal bodies at +375-+400 m level

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图 12 B1+2煤层+375～+400 m阶段煤体x轴方向水平应力

Figure 12. Horizontal stress in the x-axis direction of coal body in B1+2 coal seam at +375-+400 m level

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图 13 B3+6煤层+375～+400 m阶段煤体x轴方向水平应力

Figure 13. Horizontal stress in the x-axis direction of coal body in B3+6 coal seam at +375-+400 m level

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表 1 数值模型参数

Table 1. Parameters of numerical model

岩层	密度/ （kg·m⁻³）	体积模量/GPa	剪切模量/GPa	内摩擦角/（°）	黏聚力/ MPa	抗拉强度/MPa
B1+2基本底	2 752	15.9	10.1	32	5.7	5.2
B1+2直接底	2 478	8.3	6.4	28	2.4	1.9
B1+2煤层	1 318	5.8	4.3	25	1.2	1.4
B1+2直接顶	2 509	8.3	6.4	28	2.4	1.9
B1+2 基本顶	2 724	15.9	10.1	32	5.7	5.2
B3+6基本底	2 724	15.9	10.1	32	5.7	5.2
B3+6直接底	2 509	8.3	6.4	28	2.4	1.9
B3+6 煤层	1 336	5.8	4.3	25	1.2	1.4
B3+6直接顶	2 476	8.3	6.4	28	2.4	1.9
B3+6基本顶	2 813	15.9	10.1	32	5.7	5.2
边界岩柱	2 724	13.6	8.9	30	5.4	4.3
黄土层	1 790	0.005 56	0.001 85	10.5	0.01	0

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表 2 数值模型充填方案

Table 2. Filling schemes of numerical model

编号	方案
1	未进行充填
2	在+700～+675 m的第一开采分段采空区使用高强度材料充填，之后采用普通材料充填
3	在+700～+675 m的第一开采分段采空区使用高强度材料充填，之后对B1+2煤层和B3+6煤层交替使用高强度材料和普通材料，即每隔一分段进行高强度材料充填，其他分段使用普通材料充填
4	对B1+2煤层和B3+6煤层的每一分段采空区进行高强度材料充填

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