关家崖煤矿重复采动巷道变形特征及控制对策研究

赵杰; 张宁波; 刘海兵

doi:10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2024050043

关家崖煤矿重复采动巷道变形特征及控制对策研究

doi: 10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2024050043

赵杰^{1, 2,},
张宁波¹,
刘海兵²

1.
中国矿业大学矿业工程学院，江苏徐州　221116
2.
山西兴县华润联盛关家崖煤业有限公司，山西吕梁　033000

基金项目: 山西省基础研究计划面上项目（202303021211063）。

详细信息

作者简介:
赵杰（1987—），男，山西晋城人，高级工程师，硕士，从事煤矿生产技术管理工作，E-mail：cklw2024@126.com

中图分类号: TD353
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-15
- 修回日期: 2024-08-25
- 网络出版日期: 2024-08-22

Research on deformation features and control strategies of repeated mining roadways in Guanjiaya Coal Mine

1.
School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
2.
Shanxi Xingxian Huarun Liansheng Guanjiaya Coal Industry Co., Ltd., Lüliang 033000, China

摘要

摘要: 针对重复采动巷道围岩变形严重、无法复用，重复采动巷道在服务期内具有明显的叠加演化特征的问题，以关家崖煤矿13092巷道为研究背景，采用现场实测、数值模拟和理论分析的方法，对重复采动巷道变形的叠加扩展特征和控制对策进行了研究。重复采动巷道变形特征分析结果表明：① 一次回采扰动下，重复采动巷道变形呈现分区和非对称破坏特征，可划分为快速变形区、强烈变形区和缓慢变形区；裂纹破坏主要在煤壁帮和煤柱帮，而顶底板较少，表现为巷道两帮显著片帮和内移；煤壁帮与顶板、煤柱帮与底板交汇处变形严重。② 二次采动巷道在一次破坏基础上叠加扩展，使得非对称破坏更加显著，形成巷道围岩蝶形叠加塑性破坏区。③ 重复采动巷道围岩控制的重点时间为一次回采阶段，重点区域为强烈变形区和缓慢变形区的巷道煤柱帮一侧。通过分析采动巷道蝶形变形特征和破坏分区规律，提出了重复采动巷道多层次耦合控制技术，采用浅低压−深高压注浆提高煤柱支撑力，采用锚索补强提高支护体支撑力，实现耦合控制。通过加固前后变形量对比分析验证了多层次耦合控制满足巷道复用要求。
- 重复采动巷道 /
- 变形特征 /
- 塑性破坏 /
- 叠加扩展特征 /
- 多层次耦合控制
Abstract: The surrounding rock of the repeated mining roadway is severely deformed and cannot be reused, and the repeated mining roadway has obvious overlapping extension features during the service period. In order to solve the above problems, this study takes the 13092 roadway of Guanjiaya Coal Mine as the research background, and adopts on-site measurement, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis methods to investigate the overlapping extension features and control measures of repeated mining roadway deformation. The analysis of deformation features of repeated mining roadways shows the following points. ① Under a single mining disturbance, the deformation of repeated mining roadways exhibits zoning and asymmetric failure features, which can be divided into rapid deformation zone, strong deformation zone, and slow deformation zone. The crack damage mainly occurs in the coal wall and coal pillar walls, with less damage to the roof and floor, manifested as significant fragmentation and inward movement of the two sides of the roadway. Severe deformation occurs at the intersection of the coal wall and roof, as well as the coal pillar and floor. ② The secondary mining roadway expands and overlaps on the basis of the primary damage, making the asymmetric damage more significant and forming a butterfly shaped plastic failure zone in the surrounding rock of the roadway. ③ The key time for controlling the surrounding rock of the repeated mining roadway is the first mining stage. The key area is the coal pillar side of the roadway in the strong deformation zone and the slow deformation zone. By analyzing the butterfly deformation features and failure zoning rules of mining roadways, a multi-level coupling control technology for repeated mining roadways is proposed. Shallow low pressure - deep high pressure grouting is used to improve the support force of coal pillars. The anchor cables are used to reinforce and improve the support force of support bodies, achieving coupling control. The comparative analysis of deformation before and after reinforcement has verified that multi-level coupling control meets the requirements of roadway reuse.
- repeated mining roadway /
- deformation features /
- plastic failure /
- overlapping extension features /
- multi level coupling control

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图 1 巷道与工作面布置

Figure 1. Layout of roadway and working face

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图 2 顶板柱状图

Figure 2. Roof column histogram

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图 3 一次采动下巷道两帮变形特征

Figure 3. Deformation characteristics of two sides of the roadway under one-time mining

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图 4 二次采动下巷道两帮变形特征

Figure 4. Deformation features of two sides of the roadway under secondary mining

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图 5 采动应力偏转

Figure 5. Mining stress deflection

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图 6 重复采动巷道塑性区叠加扩展特征

Figure 6. Overlapping extension features of plastic zone in repeated mining roadway

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图 7 塑性区形态系数与主应力比值关系

Figure 7. The relationship between shape coefficient of plastic zone and principal stress ratio

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图 8 巷道围岩受力特征

Figure 8. Stress features of roadway surrounding rock

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图 9 煤柱一侧浅孔布置

Figure 9. Shallow hole arrangement on one side of the coal pillar

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图 10 煤柱一侧深孔布置

Figure 10. Deep hole arrangement on one side of the coal pillar

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图 11 滞后注浆钻孔布置

Figure 11. Delayed grouting drilling layout

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图 12 强力锚索支护方案

Figure 12. Strong anchor cable support scheme

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表 1 13092巷一次采动两帮变形量统计数据

Table 1. Statistical data on deformation of two sides of the roadway 13092 under one-time mining

测点序号	距工作面 100～−200 m		距工作面 −200～−700 m		距工作面 −700～−1000 m
测点序号	绝对变形量/mm	占比/%	绝对变形量/mm	占比/%	绝对变形量/mm	占比/%
1	240	11.3	1 462	68.4	348	20.2
2	226	12.2	1 374	71.5	251	16.3
3	231	10.5	1 545	68.0	424	21.5
4	209	10.9	1 458	73.3	253	15.8
5	234	13.1	1 366	73.6	189	13.4
均值	228	11.6	1 441	70.9	293	17.5

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表 2 巷道围岩采动塑性区形态系数

Table 2. Shape coefficient of mining plastic zone of roadway surrounding rock

岩层岩性	τ₁	τ₂	τ_D
砂质泥岩	6.47	0.22	0.24
煤	0.31	0.15	0.05
中粒砂岩	−0.72	1.53	−1.09

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表 3 注浆材料性能

Table 3. Performance of grouting materials

水灰比	流动时间/min	固结时间/min	不同龄期强度/MPa
水灰比	流动时间/min	固结时间/min	2 h	1 d	3 d	7 d
0.8∶1	1～3	8～15	10.8	12.8	14.7	17.5
0.6∶1	1～5	10～20	8.0	10.9	11.5	12.7

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表 4 加固区域与未加固区域变形量对比

Table 4. Comparison of deformation between reinforced area and unreinforced area

阶段	区域	变形量/mm				断面积/m²
阶段	区域	煤柱侧巷帮	回采侧巷帮	顶板	底板	断面积/m²
一次采动	加固区域	388	173	79	307	21.4
一次采动	未加固区域	912	405	526	671	13.0
二次采动	加固区域	155	70	55	210	18.2
二次采动	未加固区域	470	215	390	675	9.7

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