Impact hazard area classification based on multi factor coupled quantitative characterization model
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摘要: 针对现有冲击危险评价方法不能准确体现冲击危险因素影响下应力集中变化特征等问题，提出了基于多因素耦合量化表征模型的冲击危险区域划分方法。首先，根据地下煤层的地质条件、巷道分布、开采范围等实际情况，分析得出主要的冲击影响因素；其次，分别参考多因素叠加法和应力分析法，确定各类冲击影响因素的影响范围及相对应力集中系数；然后，基于煤岩体内部微元强度分布函数，构建冲击危险多因素耦合量化表征模型；最后，将冲击影响因素的影响范围及相对应力集中系数代入量化表征模型，得到煤层应力分布结果，根据应力分布结果进行冲击危险等级划分，得到冲击危险区域分布情况。以山东新巨龙能源有限责任公司3煤层为例，通过分析叠加断层、大巷和采空区等主要冲击危险因素引起的应力集中，制定合理的冲击危险等级划分标准，得到了3煤层冲击危险区域划分结果，并进行了现场验证。由评价工作完成前后发生的矿震事件可知，冲击震源主要集中在强冲击危险区域，这与区域划分结果较为吻合，从而验证了该方法能够有效地定量划分煤层冲击危险区域。Abstract: In response to the problem that existing impact hazard assessment methods cannot accurately reflect the features of stress concentration changes under the influence of impact hazard factors, an impact hazard area classification method base on multi factor coupled quantitative characterization model is proposed. Firstly, based on the geological conditions of the underground coal seam, the distribution of roadways, and the scope of mining, the main impact influencing factors are analyzed. Secondly, referring to the multi factor superposition method and stress analysis method respectively, the method determines the influence range and relative stress concentration coefficient of various impact influencing factors. Thirdly, based on the distribution function of micro element strength inside the coal rock mass, a multi factor coupled quantitative characterization model for impact hazard is constructed. Finally, the impact range and relative stress concentration coefficient of the impact influencing factors are input into the quantitative characterization model to obtain the stress distribution results of the coal seam. Based on the stress distribution results, the impact hazard level is classified, and the distribution of impact hazard areas is obtained. Taking the No.3 coal seam of Shandong Xinjulong Energy Co., Ltd. as an example, by analyzing the stress concentration caused by the main impact risk factors such as superimposed faults, large roadways, and goaf, a reasonable impact hazard level classification standard is formulated. The results of the impact hazard area classification of the No.3 coal seam are obtained and verified on site. According to the mining seismic events that occurred before and after the completion of the evaluation work, it can be seen that the impact source is mainly concentrated in the strong impact hazard area. It is consistent with the regional division results, thus verifying that this method can effectively quantitatively divide the coal seam impact hazard area.
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图 1 复杂煤层数值化应力集中模型
Figure 1. Numerical stress concentration model for complex coal seams
图 2 三轴加载下煤的冲击临界应力与单轴抗压强度之间的关系
Figure 2. Relationship between uniaxial compressive strength of coal and impact critical stress under three-axis loading
图 5 3煤层在不同因素影响下应力、应力集中系数分布
Figure 5. Distribution of stress and stress concentration coefficient of No. 3 coal seam under different factors
表 1 本煤层发生过冲击地压的危险等级划分标准
Table 1. Classification standard of the danger grade of coal seams that have experienced rockburst
危险等级 划分标准 弱 $ {F}_{j}＜\dfrac{{R}_{{\mathrm{c}}}}{{\sigma }_{0}} $ 中 $ \dfrac{{R}_{{\mathrm{c}}}}{{\sigma }_{0}} $≤$ {F}_{j} $＜$ \dfrac{2}{3}\left({F}_{{\mathrm{c}}}-\dfrac{{R}_{{\mathrm{c}}}}{{\sigma }_{0}}\right) $ 强 $ {F}_{j}\geqslant \dfrac{2}{3}\left({F}_{{\mathrm{c}}}-\dfrac{{R}_{{\mathrm{c}}}}{{\sigma }_{0}}\right) $ 
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表 2 本煤层未发生过冲击地压的危险等级划分标准
Table 2. Classification standard of the harzard grade of coal seam without occurrence of rockburst
危险等级 划分标准 $ {R}_{\rm{c}} $＜16 MPa $ {R}_{\rm{c}} $＞20 MPa 弱 $ {\gamma }_{i}＜\dfrac{{R}_{\rm{c}}}{{\sigma }_{0}} $ $ {\gamma }_{i}＜\dfrac{{R}_{\rm{c}}}{{\sigma }_{0}} $ 中 $ \dfrac{{R}_{\rm{c}}}{{\sigma }_{0}} $≤$ {\gamma }_{i} $＜$ \dfrac{90}{{\sigma }_{0}} $ $ \dfrac{{R}_{\rm{c}}}{{\sigma }_{0}} $≤$ {\gamma }_{i} $＜$ \dfrac{70}{{\sigma }_{0}} $ 强 $ {\gamma }_{i}\geqslant\dfrac{90}{{\sigma }_{0}} $ $ {\gamma }_{i}\geqslant\dfrac{70}{{\sigma }_{0}} $
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