全光纤微震监测技术在底板突水监测中的应用研究

黄刚; 韩云春; 余国锋; 罗勇; 任波; 叶赞; 王立超; 赵靖; 徐一帆

doi:10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2024030037

全光纤微震监测技术在底板突水监测中的应用研究

doi: 10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2024030037

黄刚^{1, 2, 3,},
韩云春^{1, 2, ,},
余国锋^{1, 2, 3},
罗勇^{1, 2, 3},
任波^{1, 2},
叶赞⁴,
王立超⁴,
赵靖^{1, 2, 3},
徐一帆^{1, 2, 3}

1.
深部煤炭安全开采与环境保护全国重点实验室，安徽淮南　232001
2.
平安煤炭开采工程技术研究院有限责任公司，安徽淮南　232001
3.
平安煤矿瓦斯治理国家工程研究中心有限责任公司，安徽淮南　232000
4.
淮南矿业（集团）有限责任公司潘二煤矿，安徽淮南　232000

基金项目: 安徽省自然科学基金项目（2108085QE209，2008085ME145）；淮南市科技计划项目（4063）。

详细信息

作者简介:
黄刚（1994—），男，安徽岳西人，硕士，主要从事地球物理勘探理论与应用研究工作，E-mail：gangh16@163.com

通讯作者:
韩云春（1985—），男，安徽定远人，高级工程师，硕士，主要从事煤矿动力灾害监测预警与防控工作，E-mail：353683026@qq.com。

中图分类号: TD745
计量
- 文章访问数: 91
- HTML全文浏览量: 24
- PDF下载量: 20
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-03-14
- 修回日期: 2024-06-15
- 网络出版日期: 2024-07-10

Application research of all fiber optic microseismic monitoring technology in monitoring water inrush from floor

HUANG Gang^{1, 2, 3
,},
HAN Yunchun^{1, 2
, ,},
YU Guofeng^{1, 2, 3},
LUO Yong^{1, 2, 3},
REN Bo^{1, 2},
YE Zan⁴,
WANG Lichao⁴,
ZHAO Jing^{1, 2, 3},
XU Yifan^{1, 2, 3}

1.
National Key Laboratory of Safe Mining of Deep Coal and Environmental Protection, Huainan 232001, China
2.
Ping'an Coal Mining Engineering Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Huainan 232001, China
3.
Ping'an Coal Mine Gas Management National Engineering Research Center Co., Ltd., Huainan 232000, China
4.
Pan'er Coal Mine, Huainan Mining (Group) Co., Ltd., Huainan 232000, China

摘要

摘要: 目前国内的光纤微震监测系统多是基于光学光栅传感技术，而光纤光栅波长解调限制了系统检测频率与灵敏度，且长时间、连续不间断的微震监测成功案例较少。针对上述问题，提出了一种新型全光纤微震监测系统。以潘二煤矿11023工作面回采过程中底板突水监测为工程背景，使用全光纤微震监测系统与ESG微震监测系统进行对比，得出全光纤微震监测系统具有以下优势：记录的波形频谱特征更清晰，表现出高信噪比优势；对扰动深度的监测范围更大，远距离监测效果更好；震源定位结果分布更加合理，更符合工作面实际开采情况。在监测工作面回采全周期内，分析了11023工作面断层异常区底板破坏与微震活动性关系：在断层和煤层变薄异常区附近，微震事件的数量增多、强度增大；工作面初采期间应力集中释放，受采动影响，底板破坏较深；相对大能量事件主要分布在断层异常区的底板，底板破坏深度约为27 m，微震事件在3煤底板60 m以下没有成线或成面聚集的情况，说明裂隙并未扩展，未形成导水通道，工作面安全回采。
- 全光纤微震监测 /
- 底板突水 /
- 扰动深度 /
- 震源定位 /
- 断层异常区 /
- 微震活动性 /
- 相对大能量事件
Abstract: Currently, most fiber optic microseismic monitoring systems in China are based on optical grating sensing technology. However, fiber optic grating wavelength demodulation limits the detection frequency and sensitivity of the system, and there are few successful cases of long-term, continuous and uninterrupted microseismic monitoring. In order to solve the above problems, a new type of all fiber microseismic monitoring system is proposed. Taking the monitoring of water inrush from the floor during the mining process of Pan'er Coal Mine 11023 working face as the engineering background, a comparison is made between the all fiber optic microseismic monitoring system and the ESG microseismic monitoring system. It is found that the all fiber optic microseismic monitoring system has the following advantages. The recorded waveform spectrum features are clearer, showing a high signal-to-noise ratio advantage. The monitoring range for disturbance depth is larger, and the remote monitoring effect is better. The distribution of seismic source positioning results is more reasonable and more in line with the actual mining situation of the working face. During the monitoring of the entire mining cycle of the working face, the relationship between the floor failure and microseismic activity in the fault abnormal area of the 11023 working face is analyzed. Near the fault and coal seam thinning abnormal area, the number and intensity of microseismic events increase. During the initial mining period of the working face, stress is concentrated and released. Due to the influence of mining, the floor is severely damaged. Relatively high energy events are mainly distributed in the floor of the fault anomaly area, with a depth of about 27 meters of damage to the floor. Micro seismic events do not form a line or accumulate in a plane below 60 meters of the 3 coal seam floor. It indicates that cracks have not expanded and no water conducting channels have been formed. The working face can be safely mined.
- all fiber microseismic monitoring /
- floor water inrush /
- disturbance depth /
- source positioning /
- fault abnormal zone /
- microseismic activity /
- relatively high energy events

HTML全文

图 1 11023工作面

Figure 1. 11023 working face

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 新型全光纤微震监测系统组成及实物

Figure 2. Composition and material object of new full-fiber optic microseismic monitoring system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 11023工作面全光纤微震监测系统布置

Figure 3. Layout of full-fiber optic microseismic monitoring system for 11023 working face

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 全光纤微震监测系统安装过程

Figure 4. Installation process of full-fiber optic microseismic monitoring system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 微震监测波形对比

Figure 5. Comparison of microseismic monitoring waveforms

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 微震监测波形FFT频谱对比

Figure 6. Comparison of FFT spectra of microseismic monitoring waveforms

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 微震监测波形S变换频谱对比

Figure 7. Comparison of S-transform spectra of microseismic monitoring waveforms

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 底板扰动深度监测结果对比

Figure 8. Comparison of monitoring results of floor disturbance depth

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 震源定位结果对比

Figure 9. Comparison of source positioning results

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 11023工作面底板水害情况监测微震事件总体分布俯视图和侧视图

Figure 10. Top view and side view of the overall distribution of microseismic events in the monitoring of water damage on the floor of 11023 working face

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 11023工作面3煤底板月微震事件数量与当月进尺平均值关系

Figure 11. Relationship between the number of monthly microseismic events and the average footage in 11023 working face 3 coal floor

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 底板微震事件空间分布

Figure 12. Spatial distribution of microseismic events on the floor

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 每月底板破坏深度

Figure 13. Monthly floor failure depth

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 断层构造区微震相对大能量事件分布俯视图和侧视图

Figure 14. Top view and side view of microseismic relative large energy events distribution in fault structure area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 底板微震大能量事件分布

Figure 15. Distribution of large energy events of microseismic on the floor

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 全光纤微震监测系统性能指标

Table 1. Performance indicators of full-fiber optic microseismic monitoring system

性能指标	参数
最小时间同步精度	0.1 μs
工作环境温度	−10～60 °C
单端机数据采集通道数	16
动态范围	＞100 dB
采样率	32 kHz
采样数据传输距离	≥10 km
电压灵敏度	40 V/g
输出值	数字量，32 bit
可观测频带	20 Hz～5 kHz
最小可检测加速度	10⁻⁷ g@100 Hz
传感器尺寸（直径×高度）	42 mm×42 mm

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(31)

[1]	袁亮. 我国煤矿安全发展战略研究[J]. 中国煤炭,2021,47(6):1-6. YUAN Liang. Study on the development strategy of coal mine safety in China[J]. China Coal,2021,47(6):1-6.
[2]	袁亮,吴劲松,杨科. 煤炭安全智能精准开采关键技术与应用[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报,2023,40(5):861-868. YUAN Liang,WU Jinsong,YANG Ke. Key technology and its application of coal safety intelligent precision mining[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2023,40(5):861-868.
[3]	彭苏萍. 我国煤矿安全高效开采地质保障系统研究现状及展望[J]. 煤炭学报,2020,45(7):2331-2345. PENG Suping. Current status and prospects of research on geological assurance system for coal mine safe and high efficient mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2020,45(7):2331-2345.
[4]	顾大钊,李庭,李井峰,等. 我国煤矿矿井水处理技术现状与展望[J]. 煤炭科学技术,2021,49(1):11-18. GU Dazhao,LI Ting,LI Jingfeng,et al. Current status and prospects of coal mine water treatment technology in China[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2021,49(1):11-18.
[5]	袁亮,王恩元,马衍坤,等. 我国煤岩动力灾害研究进展及面临的科技难题[J]. 煤炭学报,2023,48(5):1825-1845. YUAN Liang,WANG Enyuan,MA Yankun,et al. Research progress of coal and rock dynamic disasters and scientific and technological problems in China[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2023,48(5):1825-1845.
[6]	张平松,欧元超,李圣林. 我国矿井物探技术及装备的发展现状与思考[J]. 煤炭科学技术,2021,49(7):1-15. ZHANG Pingsong,OU Yuanchao,LI Shenglin. Development quo-status and thinking of mine geophysical prospecting technology and equipment in China[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2021,49(7):1-15.
[7]	许延春,黄磊. 基于微震监测的工作面底板突水全时空预警方法[J]. 煤炭科学技术,2023,51(1):369-382. XU Yanchun,HUANG Lei. Full-time and space early-warning method for floor water inrush in working face based on microseismic monitoring[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2023,51(1):369-382.
[8]	肖鹏,韩凯,双海清,等. 基于微震监测的覆岩裂隙演化规律相似模拟试验研究[J]. 煤炭科学技术,2022,50(9):48-56. XIAO Peng,HAN Kai,SHUANG Haiqing,et al. Similar material simulation test study on evolution law of overburden fracture based on microseismic monitoring[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2022,50(9):48-56.
[9]	武文清. 大采深奥灰水上工作面底板裂隙突水量预测[J]. 煤炭与化工,2020,43(6):58-61. WU Wenqing. Prediction of water inrush from floor cracks in working face on deep mining depth[J]. Coal and Chemical Industry,2020,43(6):58-61.
[10]	杨作林. 微震信号识别与地压灾害微震前兆规律研究[D]. 赣州:江西理工大学,2015. YANG Zuolin. Microseismic signal recognition and the law of ground pressure disaster microseism precursor research[D]. Ganzhou:Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,2015.
[11]	查华胜,张海江,连会青,等. 潘二煤矿A组煤层底板灰岩水害微震监测[J]. 煤炭学报,2022,47(8):3001-3014. ZHA Huasheng,ZHANG Haijiang,LIAN Huiqing,et al. Microseismic monitoring on limestone water inrush at coal seam floor for group A coal layer of Pan'er Coal Mine[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2022,47(8):3001-3014.
[12]	余国锋,袁亮,任波,等. 底板突水灾害大数据预测预警平台[J]. 煤炭学报,2021,46(11):3502-3514. YU Guofeng,YUAN Liang,REN Bo,et al. Big data prediction and early warning platform for floor water inrush disaster[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2021,46(11):3502-3514.
[13]	黄刚. 斜阶跃电流激励下圆锥型场源瞬变电磁AWPSO算法优化反演研究[D]. 南昌:东华理工大学,2021. HUANG Gang. Optimization of AWPSO algorithm for conical source transient electromagnetic with ramp step current excitation[D]. Nanchang:East China Institute of Technology,2021.
[14]	朱贵旺,任波,余国锋,等. 采动诱发断层带岩体劣化微震响应特征[J]. 煤矿安全,2022,53(5):176-181. ZHU Guiwang,REN Bo,YU Guofeng,et al. Micro-seismic response characteristics of rock mass deterioration induced by mining in fault zone[J]. Safety in Coal Mines,2022,53(5):176-181.
[15]	柳云龙,田有,冯晅,等. 微震技术与应用研究综述[J]. 地球物理学进展,2013,28(4):1801-1808. LIU Yunlong,TIAN You,FENG Xuan,et al. Review of microseism technology and its application[J]. Progress in Geophysics,2013,28(4):1801-1808.
[16]	赵向东,陈波,姜福兴. 微地震工程应用研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(增刊2):2609-2612. ZHAO Xiangdong,CHEN Bo,JIANG Fuxing. Study of micro-seismic engineering applications[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(S2):2609-2612.
[17]	冀贞文,孙春江,姜福兴. 波兰煤矿冲击地压防治技术现状及分析[J]. 煤炭科学技术,2008,36(1):11-14. JI Zhenwen,SUN Chunjiang,JIANG Fuxing. Present status and analysis on rock burst prevention and control technology in Poland[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2008,36(1):11-14.
[18]	艾纯明,孙振明,吴姗,等. 三维光纤光栅微震加速度传感器研究[J]. 矿业研究与开发,2014,34(6):64-67. AI Chunming,SUN Zhenming,WU Shan,et al. Research on 3D optical fiber and grating microseismic acceleration sensor[J]. Mining Research and Development,2014,34(6):64-67.
[19]	聂飞,高昕,顾先明,等. 基于光纤传感器的矿井微震信号监测系统设计[J]. 煤炭工程,2015,47(4):19-21. NIE Fei,GAO Xin,GU Xianming,et al. Design on mine microseism monitoring system based on optical fiber sensor[J]. Coal Engineering,2015,47(4):19-21.
[20]	WANG Jinyu,JIANG Long,SUN Zengrong,et al. Research on the surface subsidence monitoring technology based on fiber bragg grating sensing[J]. Photonic Sensors,2017,7(1):20-26. doi: 10.1007/s13320-016-0331-y
[21]	LIU Tongyu,WEI Yubin,SONG Guangdong,et al. Fibre optic sensors for coal mine hazard detection[J]. Measurement,2018,124:211-223. doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2018.03.046
[22]	刘统玉,王纪强,孟祥军,等. 面向矿山安全物联网的光纤传感器[J]. 工矿自动化,2018,44(3):1-7. LIU Tongyu,WANG Jiqiang,MENG Xiangjun,et al. Optical fiber sensor for mine safety Internet of Things[J]. Industry and Mine Automation,2018,44(3):1-7.
[23]	郭清华. 煤矿动力灾害前兆信息传感技术发展与应用[J]. 煤炭科学技术,2022,50(11):76-83. GUO Qinghua. Development and application of precursory information sensing technology in coal mine dynamic disaster[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2022,50(11):76-83.
[24]	ZHANG Wentao,WANG Zhaogang,HUANG Wenzhu,et al. Fiber laser sensors for micro seismic monitoring[J]. Measurement,2016,79:203-210. doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2015.09.046
[25]	ZHANG Wentao,LI Fang,LIU Yuliang. Field test of an in-well fiber laser geophone array[C]. 22nd International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors,Beijing,2012. DOI: 10.1117/12.968588.
[26]	ZHANG Wentao,HUANG Wenzhu,LI Fang. Earthquake monitoring using fiber laser borehole seismometer[C]. 22nd International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors,Beijing,2012. DOI: 10.1117/12.974789.
[27]	李世丽. 微震监测用光纤加速度传感器研究[D]. 合肥:安徽大学,2020. LI Shili. Research on fiber optic acceleration sensors for microseismic monitoring[D]. Hefei:Anhui University,2020.
[28]	王传朋. 基于井上下微震联合监测技术的震源高度误差控制研究[J]. 煤炭工程,2023,55(12):28-33. WANG Chuanpeng. Improvement of the error of hypocenter height based on surface-underground microseismic monitoring technology[J]. Coal Engineering,2023,55(12):28-33.
[29]	李楠,王恩元,孙珍玉,等. 基于L1范数统计的单纯形微震震源定位方法[J]. 煤炭学报,2014,39(12):2431-2438. LI Nan,WANG Enyuan,SUN Zhenyu,et al. Simplex microseismic source location method based on L1 norm statistical standard[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(12):2431-2438.
[30]	李楠. 微震震源定位的关键因素作用机制及可靠性研究[D]. 徐州:中国矿业大学,2014. LI Nan. Research on mechanisms of key factors and reliability for microseismic source location[D]. Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2014.
[31]	平健,李仕雄,陈虹燕,等. 微震定位原理与实现[J]. 金属矿山,2010(1):167-169. PING Jian,LI Shixiong,CHEN Hongyan,et al. Principle and realization of microseism location[J]. Metal Mine,2010(1):167-169.