落锤冲击下冻结单裂隙砂岩力学及声发射特征试验研究

贺馨瑶; 常远; 任富强

doi:10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2023110021

落锤冲击下冻结单裂隙砂岩力学及声发射特征试验研究

doi: 10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2023110021

辽宁科技大学土木工程学院，辽宁鞍山　114000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（52074299）；辽宁省科技厅博士启动基金项目（2022-BS-280）。

详细信息

作者简介:
贺馨瑶（2000—），女，吉林通化人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为岩石力学，E-mail：a1422175109@163.com

通讯作者:
常远（1990—），女，辽宁鞍山人，讲师，博士，主要研究方向为岩石力学与边坡稳定性分析，E-mail：463411533@qq.com。

中图分类号: TD315
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-07
- 修回日期: 2024-05-31
- 网络出版日期: 2024-06-13

Experimental study on the mechanical and acoustic emission features of frozen single fractured sandstone under drop hammer impact

School of Civil Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114000, China

摘要

摘要: 高原寒区矿山岩体受低温环境和动载扰动等影响会产生失稳现象。现有研究大多围绕裂隙砂岩在不同冻结温度下的静力学特性，考虑到工程开挖的影响，需要进一步研究冻结裂隙砂岩在动载作用下的力学及声发射特征。开展了冻结单裂隙砂岩的落锤冲击试验，结合声发射监测技术分析了冻结单裂隙砂岩力学及声发射特征。试验结果表明：① 裂隙倾角增加会引起应变时程曲线在应变峰值前回弹幅度增大，裂纹由裂隙两侧分布转变为裂隙上下两端分布；落锤下落高度增大后，应变时程曲线在应变峰值前出现明显双峰回弹，破坏明显加剧；冻结温度降低会使应变峰值出现时间提前，且应变峰值增大。② 微裂纹扩展具有阶段性特征，在应变峰值处对应较强的微破裂活动并伴有剧烈的能量释放。③ 微破裂活动性随裂隙倾角增大呈先增后减趋势；落锤下落高度增大，微破裂活动剧烈程度阶段性递减；冻结温度降低使微破裂活动发生时间提前。④ 微裂纹主要以张拉裂纹为主，与宏观的破坏模式对应。⑤ 熵值急剧增加是砂岩破坏前兆，可作为砂岩动态失稳的预警指标。
- 裂隙砂岩 /
- 冻结砂岩 /
- 落锤冲击 /
- 动态力学 /
- 声发射 /
- 熵值
Abstract: Mining rock masses in high-altitude cold regions can experience instability due to low temperature environments and dynamic load disturbances. Existing research mostly focuses on the static features of fractured sandstone under different freezing temperatures. Considering the influence of engineering excavation, further research is needed to investigate the mechanical and acoustic emission features of frozen fractured sandstone under dynamic loads. Therefore, a drop hammer impact test is conducted on frozen single fractured sandstone. The mechanical and acoustic emission features of frozen single fractured sandstone are analyzed using acoustic emission monitoring technology. The experimental results show the following points. ① An increase in the inclination angle of the crack will cause an increase in the rebound amplitude of the strain time curve before the peak strain. The crack will change from being distributed on both sides of the crack to being distributed on both ends of the crack. After the drop height of the hammer increases, the strain time curve shows a significant bimodal rebound before the strain peak, and the damage is significantly intensified. A decrease in freezing temperature will lead to an earlier onset of strain peak and an increase in strain peak. ② The propagation of microcracks has stage features, corresponding to strong microcracking activity at the peak strain and accompanied by intense energy release. ③ The activity of microcracking activity increases first and then decreases with the increase of inclination angle of the crack. The drop height of the hammer increases, and the intensity of microcracking activity gradually decreases. The decrease in freezing temperature leads to an earlier occurrence of microcracking activity. ④ Micro cracks are mainly tensile cracks, corresponding to macroscopic failure modes. ⑤ The sharp increase in entropy value is a precursor to sandstone failure and can be used as a warning indicator for dynamic instability of sandstone.
- fractured sandstone /
- frozen sandstone /
- drop hammer impact /
- dynamic mechanics /
- acoustic emission /
- entropy

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图 1 单裂隙砂岩试样

Figure 1. Single fractured sandstone sample

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图 2 落锤冲击试验系统

Figure 2. Drop hammer impact test system

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图 3 单裂隙砂岩应变时程曲线

Figure 3. Strain time history curve of single fractured sandstone

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图 4 冻结单裂隙砂岩声发射参数演化曲线

Figure 4. Acoustic emission parameters evolution curves of frozen single fractured sandstone

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图 5 冻结单裂隙砂岩的F（τ）演化过程

Figure 5. F(τ) evolution process of frozen single fractured sandstone

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图 6 冻结单裂隙砂岩张剪裂纹占比

Figure 6. Proportion of shear and tensile cracks in frozen single fractured sandstone

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图 7 冻结单裂隙砂岩熵值的演变特征

Figure 7. Evolution features of entropy value of frozen single fractured sandstone

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表 1 落锤冲击试验参数

Table 1. Drop hammer impact test parameters

试样编号	裂隙倾角/（°）	冻结温度/℃	落锤下落高度/m	应变率/s⁻¹
A−0	0	−8	0.7	3.12
A−30	30	−8	0.7	7.14
A−45	45	−8	0.7	6.35
A−60	60	−8	0.7	4.12
A−90	90	−8	0.7	7.75
H−0.6	0	−16	0.6	3.97
H−0.7	0	−16	0.7	8.88
H−0.8	0	−16	0.8	4.16
H−0.9	0	−16	0.9	11.96
H−1.0	0	−16	1.0	8.31
T−4	60	−4	0.9	5.44
T−8	60	−8	0.9	6.24
T−12	60	−12	0.9	11.53
T−16	60	−16	0.9	20.07
T−20	60	−20	0.9	23.84

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表 2 冻结单裂隙砂岩损伤增长速率

Table 2. Damage growth rate of frozen single fractured sandstone

试样编号	AB段损伤增长速率	拟合度	试样编号	BC段损伤增长速率	拟合度
A−0	1.05	0.869	A−0	1.27	0.869
A−30	0.50	0.987	A−30	1.58	0.974
A−45	1.24	0.982	A−45	1.83	1.000
A−60	1.03	0.981	A−60	9.16	0.998
A−90	0.95	0.955	A−90	5.42	0.949
H−0.6	1.31	0.910	H−0.6	10.25	0.866
H−0.7	0.67	0.813	H−0.7	4.44	0.977
H−0.8	2.17	0.989	H−0.8	1.40	0.999
H−0.9	1.42	0.904	H−0.9	1.39	0.976
H−1.0	1.52	0.744	H−1.0	0.75	0.949
T−4	1.21	0.814	T−4	44.44	0.852
T−8	0.63	0.948	T−8	13.65	0.991
T−12	0.99	0.827	T−12	17.68	0.819
T−16	2.01	0.961	T−16	1.07	0.979
T−20	1.39	0.931	T−20	0.46	0.947

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