基于电磁波的煤岩识别技术研究进展

柳圆; 司垒; 王忠宾; 魏东; 顾进恒

doi:10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2023070095

基于电磁波的煤岩识别技术研究进展

doi: 10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2023070095

中国矿业大学机电工程学院，江苏徐州　221116

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（52014277）；江苏省自然科学基金面上项目（BK20211245）；江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目（苏政办发〔2018〕87号）。

详细信息

作者简介:
柳圆（1997—），男，河南信阳人，硕士研究生，研究方向为煤岩识别，E-mail：897383507@qq.com

通讯作者:
司垒（1987—），男，江苏徐州人，副教授，博士，研究方向为煤矿智能化开采，E-mail：sileicool@163.com。

中图分类号: TD823
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-26
- 修回日期: 2024-01-10
- 网络出版日期: 2024-01-31

Research progress on coal rock recognition technology based on electromagnetic waves

School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

摘要

摘要: 将电磁波应用于煤岩识别中，可有效提高煤岩界面分辨能力。结合煤岩界面模型，阐述了运用电磁波技术进行煤岩识别的原理；介绍了γ射线法、雷达探测法、太赫兹信号法、电子共振法、X射线法和红外热成像法6种具体的煤岩识别方法，分析了各方法的原理，对各方法的优缺点及煤矿井下适用性进行了对比，并结合实际工业应用分析了各方法的研究现状。γ射线法在探测距离上具有显著优势，但存在放射性问题，基本被淘汰；雷达探测法具有识别准确的优点，但由于其信号衰减严重，探测距离短，目前一般应用于薄煤层测厚；太赫兹信号法探测距离短，只有在井下环境组成稳定时才能应用；电子共振法信号衰减严重，探测距离较短且难度较大，所以目前矿井基本摒弃；X射线法穿透性强，成像较清晰，但危害性极大；红外热成像法中，主动红外激励法需耗费大量时间对煤岩进行激励，且在处于高瓦斯的矿井环境中，存在极大的安全隐患；截割闪温法虽耗时较短，但对于截齿多、排布复杂的情况很难实现有效的煤岩识别。指出电磁波回波信息决定着电磁波煤岩识别的准确性，后续应对其进行深层次挖掘。
- 煤岩识别 /
- 电磁波 /
- γ射线法 /
- 雷达探测法 /
- 太赫兹信号法 /
- 电子共振法 /
- X射线法 /
- 红外热成像法
Abstract: Applying electromagnetic waves to coal rock recognition can effectively improve the resolution capability of coal rock interfaces. Based on the coal rock interface model, the principle of using electromagnetic wave technology for coal rock recognition is explained. The paper introduces six methods for coal rock recognition, including γ–ray method, radar detection method, Terahertz signal method, electron resonance method, X-ray method, and infrared thermal imaging method. The principles of each method are analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are compared as well as their applicability in coal mines underground. The research status of each method is analyzed in combination with practical industrial applications. The γ–ray method has significant advantages in detection distance, but it has radiation problems. It is basically eliminated. The radar detection method has the advantage of accurate recognition, but due to its severe signal attenuation and short detection distance, it is currently generally used for thickness measurement in thin coal seams. The Terahertz signal method has a short detection distance and can only be applied when the composition of the underground environment is stable. The electronic resonance method has severe signal attenuation, short detection distance, and high difficulty. It is currently basically abandoned in mines. The X-ray method has strong penetration and clear imaging, but it poses great harm. In the infrared thermal imaging method, the active infrared excitation method requires a lot of time to excite coal and rock, and there are significant safety hazards in high gas mine environments. Although the cutting flash temperature method takes a short time, it is difficult to achieve effective coal rock recognition for situations with multiple cutting teeth and complex layout. It is pointed out that the accuracy of electromagnetic wave coal rock recognition is determined by the echo information of electromagnetic waves, and further in-depth exploration should be carried out.
- coal rock recognition /
- electromagnetic waves /
- γ–ray method /
- radar detection method /
- Terahertz signal method /
- electron resonance method /
- X-ray method /
- infrared thermal imaging method

HTML全文

图 1 煤岩界面模型

Figure 1. Coal and rock interface model

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图 2 γ射线法原理

Figure 2. Principle of γ-ray method

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图 3 雷达探测法原理

Figure 3. Principles of radar detection method

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图 4 太赫兹信号法原理

Figure 4. Principle of Terahertz signal method

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图 5 电子共振法原理

Figure 5. Principle of electron resonance method

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图 6 X射线法原理

Figure 6. Principle of X-ray method

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图 7 红外热成像法原理

Figure 7. Principles of infrared thermal imaging

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表 1 6种基于电磁波的煤岩识别方法综合对比

Table 1. Comprehensive comparison of six coal and rock recognition methods based on electromagnetic wave

识别方法	优点	缺点	煤矿井下适用性
γ射线法	探测距离较远	对放射性元素含量有要求	煤层放射性达标
雷达探测法	识别准确	信号衰减严重，探测距离较短	介质电性差异明显
太赫兹信号法	透射非极性介质多，可同时获取煤岩的多个光学参数	探测距离较短，对环境要求较高	矿井环境组成稳定
电子共振法	介质共振吸收现象明显	信号衰减严重，探测距离较短	目前矿井基本摒弃
X射线法	穿透性强，成像较清晰	探测距离较短，危害性较大	一般用于煤矸分选
红外热成像法	对井下复杂环境适用性强	耗时长	矿井瓦斯含量低，截齿少且排布较简单

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